区域扶贫政策的助农增收效果评估

Evaluation of the Effect of RegionalPoverty Alleviation Policies on Rural Income Growth

本文基于2010—2018年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,运用双重差分(DID)方法,以集中连片特殊困难县的设立为政策冲击,检验了区域扶贫政策对贫困地区城乡居民收入的影响。研究发现,集中连片特困地区扶贫政策使贫困地区城乡居民总体收入提高23.3%,静态上缩小了贫困地区与一般地区的收入差距;同时,“惠农”效果十分显著,扶贫政策使农民收入提高24.0%,促进就业、支持农业生产、提高人口素质与改善生产生活环境等是扶贫政策发挥作用的重要渠道。进一步研究发现,整体上扶贫政策在执行过程中的政策溢出效应并不明显,贫困地区城镇居民收入未显著增加,可能是由于当地未产生足够的非农就业机会。本文为厘清区域扶贫政策作用渠道,评估政策效果提供了实证依据,亦可为相关部门接续推进脱贫地区发展和乡村全面振兴提供政策参考。

Based on the data of China Family Panel Survey(CFPS)from 2010 to 2018,this paper uses the Differences-in-Differences(DID)method to take the establishment of concentrated contiguous counties with special difficulties as a policy impact,and examines the impact of regional poverty alleviation policies on the income of urban and rural residents in poverty-stricken areas.The study finds that the poverty alleviation policy of concentrated and contiguous povertystricken areas increases the overall income of urban and rural residents in poverty-stricken areas by 23.3%,and statically narrows the income gap between poverty-stricken areas and other areas;at the same time,the effect of“benefitting farmers”is very significant,and poverty alleviation pol⁃icy has increased farmers’income by 24.0%.Promoting employment,supporting agricultural pro⁃duction,improving population quality and improving production and living environment are impor⁃tant channels for poverty alleviation policies to play a role.Further research in this paper finds that,on the whole,the policy spillover effect of the poverty alleviation policy in the implementation process is not obvious,and the income of urban residents in poverty-stricken areas has not in⁃creased significantly.This may be because the local area has not produced enough non-agricul⁃tural employment opportunities.This article provides empirical evidence for clarifying the role channels of regional poverty alleviation policies and assessing the effects of policies,and can pro⁃vide policy reference for relevant departments to continuously promote the development in areas lifted out of poverty and the comprehensive vitalization of the countryside.