农业社会化服务:衔接赋能抑或歧视挤出

Agricultural Socialized Services:Convergence and Empowermentor Discrimination and Crowding Out?

农业社会化服务被赋予衔接小农户与现代农业的重要使命,其经营成色对我国农业发展产生何种影响是各界关注的热点问题。在对农户农业社会化服务购买决策及其影响效应进行理论分析的基础上,基于设施蔬菜种植户调研数据,运用内生转换模型对农业社会化服务对小农户的提效、增收作用进行了检验。结果表明,在农业社会化服务供给充足、农地普遍细碎化情况下,经营规模的差异并未显著影响农户获得服务的概率,小农户不会因为经营规模偏小而难以获得农业社会化服务;使用农业社会化服务具有普遍意义上的提效增收功效,特别是通过要素补充与要素替代作用,小农户生产效率和家庭收入的提升幅度明显高于规模经营农户,实现了提效增收“双衔接”。进一步强化这种积极作用,应继续强化农业社会化服务能力,充分发挥不同类型服务主体的功能和优势;创新服务机制,优化服务联结机制,降低交易成本;延伸服务领域,适当向产前、产后环节拓展;完善政策支持,落实高质量发展要求。

Agricultural socialized services have been given an important mission to connect smallholder farmers to modern agriculture.The quality of agricultural socialized services has an important impact on China’s agriculture development trend.In this paper,based on the theoretical analysis of the purchasing decision of agricultural socialized services and its influence effect,based on the survey data of facility vegetable growers,the endogenous transformation model is used to test the effect of agricultural socialized services on smallholder farmers.The results show that:the difference of vegetable land scale does not significantly affect the probability of farmers’access to services,and it’s not difficult for smallholder farmers to obtain agricultural so⁃cialized services because of the small scale.The use of agricultural socialized services has the effect of improving efficiency and increasing income in a universal sense.Especially through its element supplement and substitution,the improvement of production efficiency and family income of smallholder farmers is significantly higher than that of large-scale farmers,which realizes the“double convergence”.In order to strengthen this positive role,we should continue to optimize the service capacity of agricultural socialized services,so that different types of service entities can give full play to their advantages;we should innovate service mechanism,optimize the relationship between service organizations and farmers and reduce transaction costs;we should extend the serv⁃ice field,make the service content extend to prenatal and postpartum appropriately;We should im⁃prove policy support to meet the requirements of high-quality development.