“源-网-荷-储”式异质能流复合供能系统的研究现状及发展趋势

Research status and development trend of generation-grid-loadstorage type integrated systems with heterogeneous energy flows

发展新一代“源-网-荷-储”式异质能流复合供能系统是能源行业高质量发展和提高可再生能源消纳水平的必然需求,加快其发展对构建多能互补、灵活、智慧的能源系统具有重要意义.目前,我国能源系统转型与升级进程加快,能源系统多能流交织、多品位分布、多时空尺度等特征愈发突出,给能源的高效利用带来新的理论和技术挑战.为实现异质能流系统的协同发展,还需要突破单一能流系统能量转换分析的局限,从能质、能量品位的角度,解释不同能源系统间的耦合逻辑并指导能源结构优化和能量管控,解决异质能流多尺度协同响应难等问题.因此,本文以“源-网-荷-储”式异质能流复合供能系统的构成和特征为切入,明晰了异质能流系统基础架构及各层间的关系,阐明了按质用能思想和能量品位相匹配对构建高效能量梯级利用系统、实现能量有序按需转化的重要性,总结了异质能流系统动态响应特性与协同调控、结构优化和能量管控等研究现状和挑战,并对未来能源系统的发展提出了一些建议.

The development of a“generation-grid-load-storage”type integrated system with heterogeneous energy flows is necessary to construct a high-quality energy industry and improve the consumption level of renewable energy.Accelerating its development is significant to construct a multi-energy complementary,flexible and intelligent energy system and to achieve the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.At present,the transformation and upgrading process of the energy system is speeding up in China.Compared to the conventional energy system,the new“generation-grid-load-storage”type of integrated systems with heterogeneous energy flows is more complex.It involves the processes of acquisition,integration,conversion,and transportation of various energy forms including cooling energy,heating energy,electricity,and gas.The demand of diversified energy utilization and the objective of higher energy conversion efficiency are both achieved.In view of these issues,this paper believes that the characteristics of multi-energy flows,multi-grade energy distribution,multiple time scales and space scales of the energy systems are becoming remarkable with the increase of complexity of the generation-grid-load-storage energy system.It also leads the new challenges of theoretical and technical problems to the efficient utilization of energy.Besides,to realize the collaborative development of the generation-gridload-storage energy system with heterogeneous energy flows,it is necessary to break through the limitations of the energy conversion analysis of single energy flow system primarily.The coupling logic between different energy systems needs to be elaborated from the perspective of energy quality and energy grade to guide the optimization of energy structures and conduct energy control.Moreover,the difficulties in multi-scale collaborative responses of heterogeneous energy flow systems are required to be solved because of the more obvious nonlinear characteristics and the instability of the system.Thus,this paper states the composition and characteristics of the generation-grid-load-storage type of heterogeneous energy flow systems at first.The functions and features of the physical layer,interaction layer,and information layer are described respectively.The relationships between layers are clarified.Second,the modeling method of energy coupling and conversion is introduced to clarify the theoretical basis of heterogeneous energy flow systems.The importance of energy utilization and the realized method of energy grade matching are further expounded for building an efficient energy cascade utilization system.They are also significant to realize orderly and on-demand energy conversion.The essential role of renewable energy taking in the high-efficient energy utilization system is introduced with an emphasis.Furthermore,the dynamic response characteristics of heterogeneous energy flow systems are summarized from the perspective of time scales and space scales.The role of digital twin technology taking in heterogeneous energy flow systems is described to present its importance to construct intelligent energy systems.The research status and challenges of collaborative regulation,structural optimization,and energy control are illustrated.Meanwhile,the introduction of the authors’team work is displayed including high-efficient energy conversion analysis of the heterogeneous energy flow system,dynamic response characteristics of systems under real-time microgrid load and the optimized energy management method.Finally,some recommendations of the future development of energy systems are presented from aspects of theoretical,methodological and technical perspectives.