Otop1质子通道研究进展

Research progress in the study of Otop1 proton channels

近期,Otop1通道被鉴定为新的质子通道,其对H~+具有较高的通透性和选择性。解析的冷冻电镜结构显示,Otop1蛋白质结构为同源二聚体结构,每个亚基包含12个跨膜螺旋(TM1-TM12)。从结构推测Otop1通道存在三种可能的质子传导路径。Otop1通道在前庭、脂肪细胞和味觉细胞中表达,参与许多生理与病理过程。本文就Otop1质子通道的结构、特点及其生理与病理功能做一综述,主要探讨Otop1参与的三个生理病理过程,即在耳石发育过程中的作用以及Otop1缺乏或突变时可能导致的现象、Otop1作为质子通道参与酸味传导过程以及作为信号因子靶标参与肥胖时的代谢稳态,旨在为Otop1通道的更深层次的研究提供基础。

Recently,the Otopl channel has been identified as a new proton channel,which has high permeability and selectivity for Ht.The resolved cryo-EM structure shows that the structure of the Otopl protein forms a homodimer,and each subunit contains 12 transmembrane helices(TM1-TM12).From the structure,it is inferred that there are three possible proton conduction paths in the Otopl channel.The Otop1 channel is expressed in vestibule,adipose tissue and taste receptor cells,and participates in a lot of physiological and pathological processes.This paper reviews the structure,characteristics,physiological and pathological functions of the Otopl proton channel,and discusses the three main physiological processes in which Otop1 is currently involved:its role in otoconia development and phenomena that may result when Otopl gene is absent or mutated;Otop1 as a proton channel participating in the sour taste conduction process and as a signaling factor target in metabolic homeostasis in obesity,aiming to provide a basis for a deeper study of the Otopl channel.