神经免疫相关疾病孤独症谱系障碍的药物治疗与免疫疗法的研究进展

Progress of Research on Drugs and Immunotherapy for Neuroimmune-Related Autism Spectrum Disorder

孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)又称孤独症或自闭症。ASD患病率的逐年上升,给患者的家庭和社会带来了沉重负担。迄今为止ASD的发病机制尚不明确,并且尚无有效的治疗药物。全球已有很多关于ASD成因的报道,如遗传因素、免疫因素和环境因素等。其中免疫因素在神经发育、突触形成等过程中发挥重要作用。有很多研究表明在ASD中存在着多种免疫异常,如自身抗体的出现、免疫细胞及细胞因子的异常和神经-免疫信号传递异常等,这些异常通常与ASD患者的核心症状有关。综述了ASD的药物治疗及免疫治疗研究的最新进展,以期为ASD的治疗研究提供思路。

Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is also known as autism.As the prevalence of ASD increases year by year,it poses a heavy burden on families and society.The pathogenesis of ASD is still unclear and there is still no effective therapy for it so far.A line of reports have shown different causes of ASD,including genetic factors,immune factors,environmental factors and so on,among which the immune factors play an important role in neural development and synaptic formation.Many studies have shown various immune abnormalities in ASD,such as the emergence of autoantibodies,abnormal immune cells and cytokines,and abnormal neuro-immune signal transmission,etc.,which are usually related to the main symptoms of ASD patients.This article reviews the latest progress of drug therapy and immunotherapy for ASD,in an attempt to provide some insight for the treatment of ASD.