秸秆还田对东北黑土稻区土壤养分及水稻产量的影响

Effects of Straw Returning on Soil Nutrient and Yield in Northeast Black Soil Rice Region in China

为探究秸秆还田对东北黑土稻区土壤养分的影响,在吉林省榆树市弓棚镇进行田间试验,本试验以吉粳816和吉粳88为试材,设置秸秆全量还田(S)和秸秆不还田(S0)两个处理。结果表明:秸秆全量还田(S)处理显著影响土壤容重和孔隙度,并且降低了土壤pH,改善了土壤通气状况;增加了土壤养分含量,土壤全氮含量增加了5.88%~7.92%、全磷含量增加了13.41%~13.75%、全钾含量增加了5.61%~5.79%、碱解氮含量增加了6.05%~8.41%、速效磷含量增加了11.03%~14.00%、速效钾含量增加了24.66%~26.08%、有机质含量增加了3.20%~3.48%;水稻的产量构成因素、生物产量、收获指数均高于秸秆不还田处理,且实测产量达到显著差异水平。

In order to explore the effect of returning straw to the soil on the soil nutrients in the black soil rice area of Northeast China,a field experiment was conducted in Gongpeng Town,Yushu City,Jilin Province.In this experiment,Jijing 816 and Jijing 88 were used as test materials,with two treatments of full straw return(S)and no straw return(S0)were set up for the study.The results show that:full straw return(S)treatment significantly affects soil bulk density and porosity,lowered soil pH,improved soil aeration,and increased soil nutrient content,soil total nitrogen content by 5.88%-7.92%.The content of total phosphorus was increased by 13.41%-13.75%.The content of total potassium was increased by 5.61%-5.79%,the alkali nitrogen content increased by 6.05%-8.41%,the available phosphorus content increased by 11.03%-14.00%,the available potassium content increased by 24.66%-26.08%,organic matter content increased by 3.20%-3.48%.Rice yield components,biological yield,harvest index were higher than S0,and the measured yield reached a significantly different level.