自动驾驶汽车事故中主动旋转座椅规避儿童乘员的损伤风险研究

Active Rotating Seat to Improve Child Occupants Safety in Autonomous Vehicle Accidents

为了提高儿童乘员在自动驾驶汽车中的碰撞安全性,提出在正面碰撞发生前主动将不同座椅朝向的乘员旋转至背向碰撞方向(180°方向)的策略,通过改变人体受力方向,将不同座椅朝向乘员的正面碰撞形式转化为标准的追尾碰撞形式,从而提高自动驾驶车辆中儿童乘员的碰撞安全性。首先,通过正面碰撞假人试验对THUMS 10岁儿童乘员台车模型的有效性进行验证;然后,基于4种不同座椅朝向(0°、90°、135°和180°),利用THUMS 10岁儿童乘员模型进行正面碰撞仿真试验,发现180°座椅朝向儿童乘员损伤风险最小,因此,180°座椅朝向被确定为相对安全的座椅朝向;最后,模拟200 ms内将座椅旋转±45°和300 ms内将座椅旋转±90°以及分别在0 ms和100 ms时间延迟后引入碰撞的试验过程,研究座椅旋转过程本身以及先旋转后碰撞策略下的乘员损伤风险。研究结果表明:200 ms内将儿童乘员旋转±45°和300 ms内将儿童乘员旋转±90°,不引起额外人体损伤;碰撞时刻的延迟所造成的儿童乘员姿态的变化,会导致儿童乘员在碰撞过程中产生不同的运动学响应和损伤风险;在无碰撞时刻延时的情况下,先旋转后碰撞的策略可有效降低儿童乘员的损伤风险。

To improve the safety of child occupants in autonomous vehicles,a strategy was proposed to actively turn the occupants from a range of different seat orientations to face the rear before a frontal collision.By changing the direction of the occupant body's force in the collision,such that the occupant faces the opposite direction of the collision,occupant safety is improved.Firstly,the validity of a developed 10-year-old child occupant sled model,based on Total Human Model for Safety(THUMS)software,was verified through a frontal crash dummy test,Then,a frontal crash simulation test was conducted,using the THUMS 10-year-old child occupant model,with four different seat orientations(0°,90°,135°,and 180°from a forward-facing orientation).It was found that the 180°seat orientation had the lowest risk of injury to child occupants;thus,the 180°seat orientation was chosen to be the optimum orientation for child occupant safety.Finally,the experimental process of rotating the seat±45°in 200 ms and rotating the seat±90°in 300 ms before a collision taking place after a time delay of 0 ms and 100 ms,respectively,was simulated.The experiments were conducted to study the seat rotation process and the occupant injury risk of the pre-collision rotation strategy.The experiments demonstrated that rotating a child occupant within 200 ms by±45°or within 300 ms by±90°does not result in any additional injury to the occupant.The change in the posture of child occupants caused by the delay in the collision time can lead to different kinematic responses and injury risks for child occupants during the collision process.The strategy of rotating first and then colliding can effectively reduce the risk of injury to child occupants without a collision time delay.