央行数字货币的国际竞争格局及中国式现代化因应

International Competitive Landscape and Chinese Modernization Response of Central Bank Digital Currency

在区块链技术的驱动下,非央行数字货币给国家货币主权与安全带来较大威胁,而且央行数字货币在货币竞争格局中展现了竞争吸引力与竞争地位的优势,因此众多经济体加强央行数字货币(CBDC)的研发。不过,央行数字货币在发展中面临违法犯罪、货币金融、技术与国际化风险等困境。根据央行数字货币不同的流通框架,可以将其国际竞争发展路径分为三类:采用单层流通框架的乌拉圭数字比索、采用双层流通框架的美国数字美元以及采用混合流通框架的欧盟数字欧元。总结其国际竞争共识与启示,中国式现代中央银行数字货币的高质量发展路径为:坚持法治化发展原则,推动央行数字货币的法律监管;完善现代化发展原则,通过现代金融监管防范金融风险;秉承技术化发展原则,助推央行数字货币的技术保护与国际化。

Driven by blockchain technology,non-central bank digital currency poses a significant threat to national monetary sovereignty and security.Central bank digital currency(CBDC)shows its competitive attraction and competitive position in the monetary competition landscape.Therefore,many economies strengthen the research&development of CBDC,which faces dilemmas such as crimes,monetary finance,technology and internationalization risks in its development.According to the different circulation frameworks of central bank digital currency,its international development competition path can be divided into three categories:the Uruguayan e-peso with a single-layer circulation framework,the American digital dollar with a double-layer circulation framework,and the European e-Euro with a mixed circulation framework,to sum their international competition consensus and enlightenment.Therefore,the high-quality development path of modern Chinese central bank digital currency can be purposely constructed:Adhering to the rule of law development principle and promoting the legal supervision of central bank digital currency;Perfecting the principle of modern development and preventing financial risks through modern financial supervision;Adhering to the principle of technological development,and boosting the technical protection and internationalization of the central bank digital currency.