玉米种质资源的耐深播性评价及耐深播指标筛选

Deep-sowing Tolerance Evaluation and Deep-sowing Tolerance Indices Screening of Maize Germplasm Resources

筛选耐深播指标,鉴定耐深播种质资源,培育耐深播优良品种并适时深播是保障旱作区玉米种子正常萌发出苗的有效措施。本研究以0(培养皿暗培养)、3、15、20 cm播深处理下萌发10 d的13份玉米自交系为试材,分析其出苗率(RAT)、中胚轴长(MES)、胚芽鞘长(COL)、中胚轴与胚芽鞘之和(MES+COL)、苗长(SDL)、根长(RL)、中胚轴/胚芽鞘的种子顶土力(F[MES/COL])和种子顶土势能(PE[MES/COL]),以探讨玉米F[MES/COL]和PE[MES/COL]与其耐深播表型性状间的关系,确定耐深播指标并对相应种质进行耐深播性鉴定。结果表明,13份玉米自交系的RAT、MES、COL、MES+COL、SDL、RL在基因型间、播深间、基因型×播深互作间差异显著,而F[MES/COL]和PE[MES/COL]只在基因型间差异显著;随播深增加,13份玉米自交系的RAT和SDL均明显降低,MES、COL、MES+COL均明显升高,F[MES/COL]和PE[MES/COL]间变化不显著;Pearson相关分析表明,3种播深处理下13份玉米自交系的6个耐深播表型与培养皿暗培养处理下相应玉米的F[MES/COL]和PE[MES/COL]间显著正/负相关;不同处理下采用系统聚类分析对13份玉米自交系的耐深播性聚类评价结果高度一致,并筛选出W64A和N192等耐深播种质材料。与耐深播表型相比,由于F[MES/COL]和PE[MES/COL]是玉米自身固有的遗传特性,不受环境效应的影响,其可作为玉米种质高效的耐深播评价指标。

Deep-sowing tolerance indices,deep-sowing tolerance identification,deep-sowing tolerance varieties development,and deep-sowing timely,which are effective measures to ensure normal germination and emergence of maize(Zea mays)seeds in arid regions.In this study,13 maize inbred lines that were germinated for 10 d under 0(culture dish dark culture),3,15,and 20 cm sowing depths as materials,and the emergence rate(RAT),mesocotyl length(MES),coleoptile length(COL),mesocotyl and coleoptile length(MES+COL),seedling length(SDL),root length(RL),seed topsoil force in mesocotyl/coleoptile(F[MES/COL]),and seed topsoil potential energy in mesocotyl/coleoptile(PE[MES/COL])were analyzed to explore the relationship between F[MES/COL]/PE[MES/COL]and deep-sowing phenotypic traits in maize,to identify deep-sowing tolerance indices,and to screen deep-sowing tolerance germplasm.It showed that the RAT,MES,COL,MES+COL,SDL,and RL of 13 maize inbred lines had significant differences among genotypes,sowing depths,and genotypesxsowing depths interactions,however,the F[MES/COL]and PE[MES/COL]displayed significant differences in genotypes;The RAT and SDL were significantly decreased,the MES,COL,MES+COL were significantly increased,and the changes of F[MES/COL]and PE[MES/COL]were not significant in 13 maize inbred lines with the increase of sowing depths;Pearson correlation analysis showed that these six deep-sowing phenotypic traits of 13 inbred lines under three sowing depths and F[MES/COL]and PE[MES/COL]of corresponding maize under culture dish dark culture treatments displayed significant positive/negative correlation;Systematic clustering analysis showed that the results of deep-seeding tolerance clustering of 13 maize inbred lines under different treatments were highly consistent,and the deep-sowing tolerance inbred lines,namely W64Aand N192 were screened out.Compared with the six deep-sowing phenotypic traits,because of the F[MES/COL]and PE[MES/COL]are the inherent genetic characteristics in maize,and are not affected by environmental effects,which could be used as the efficiently identification indices of deep-sowing tolerance in maize germplasm.