PLGA作为抗原递送系统的研究进展

Research Progress of PLGA as Antigen Delivery System

近年来新冠病毒肆虐,单针剂的疫苗研制备受关注。传统疫苗制剂需要在一段时间内多次反复接种才能产生足够的中和抗体。为了降低疫苗接种次数、提高人们的疫苗接种依从性,高分子聚合物材料逐渐走进人们视野,其中聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(poly lactic-co-glycolic acid,PLGA)是当前研究最多、应用最广泛的高分子聚合物材料。PLGA作为一种人工合成的高分子聚合物材料,易于制备、价格相对较低,且具有良好的缓释特性,以及生物安全性和组织相容性,已经被FDA批准应用于药物递送系统,但在疫苗研发上方兴未艾。总结了PLGA佐剂的基本信息,根据当前疫苗研究趋势分析整理了影响其缓释效果和免疫调节作用的相关因素,以及当前的不足和限制,为后续疫苗制备和研究提供一些思路。

In recent years,due to the ravages of the COVID-19,the development of single-injection vaccine has attracted much attention.Traditional vaccine preparations need to be inoculated repeatedly for a period of time to produce enough neutralizing antibodies.In order to reduce the number of vaccination shots and improve people's vaccination compliance,polymer materials have gradually entered people's field of vision.Among them,Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid(PLGA)is one of the most studied and widely used polymer materials.As a synthetic polymer material,PLGA is easy to prepare and relatively low in price,and it has favorable sustained release characteristics and has good biosafety and histocompatibility.It has been approved by the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)as a drug delivery system,but it is in the ascendant in vaccine research and development.Based on the current research progress,this article summarizes the basic information of PLGA adjuvants and the related factors affecting their sustained release effect and immunomodulatory effects,so as to provide some ideas for subsequent vaccine preparation and research.