保障国家粮食安全:在增产与减损两端同时发力

Ensuring national grain security:Simultaneous exertion both increasing production and reducing losses

粮食安全是“国之大者”。确保国家粮食安全既要保粮食面积、稳粮食产量,确保产得出、供得上,也要注重解决粮食生产、流通、加工、消费等环节浪费现象,要在增产与减损两端同时发力。本文基于粮食增产和减损两个视角,系统探讨保障国内粮食稳产增产、推进粮食节约减损的现实情境和主要挑战,针对性提出协同推进粮食稳产增产和节约减损的政策建议。研究表明,面对当今世界百年大变局和我国国情农情,国内粮食生产端呈现为粮食稳产增产面临农业资源环境约束趋紧、技术突破难度增大、地方抓粮和生产者种粮积极性弱化、粮食政策囿于国际规则束缚等难题;粮食消费端则表现为产业链供应链损耗多、食物浪费治理难等问题。据此建议,要坚持开源和节流并重、增产和减损同时发力,一方面要将藏粮于地、藏粮于技战略落到实处,持续加强粮食安全保障能力建设,全面夯实国内粮食产能基础,多措并举调动地方抓粮和生产者种粮两个积极性;另一方面要推进粮食全产业链节约减损,倡导节约、营养、健康和平衡消费,杜绝“舌尖上的浪费”。

Grain security is the most important thing of the country.To ensure national grain security,it needs stabilizing grain planting area and production,as well as paying attention to solving the waste phenomenon in the aspects of grain producing,processing and consumption.This paper discusses the situation and challenges of stabilizing domestic grain production and reducing food waste.Considering China's current agricultural conditions,stabilizing grain production is facing the tightening constraints of agricultural resources and increasing difficulty of technical progress.It also faces lower enthusiasm of local governments to develop grain planting and producers to grow grain,as well as the restriction of support policies by international regulation.For food consumption,there are many problems,including the industrial chain losses and food waste.This paper suggests paying equal attention to both increasing grain production and reducing food waste.On the one hand,it needs to implement the strategy of sustainable farmland use and innovative application of agricultural technology,which includes strengthening the foundation of domestic production capacity and stimulating the enthusiasm of local governments to develop grain planting and producers to grow grain.On the other hand,it needs to promote the whole food industrial chain to reduce waste.