辽东山区新型农村集体经济可持续发展研究

The sustainable development of new rural collective economy in eastern Liaoning mountainous area

新型农村集体经济的可持续发展,是乡村全面振兴、全方位振兴的内在要求。本文以地处欠发达地区的辽东山区宽甸县青椅山镇为研究对象,利用实地观察、调研和深度访谈所获得的数据,分析村庄新型集体经济发展现状、推进路径和面临的困境,探讨可持续发展的对策。结果表明,2017—2022年青椅山镇在地方政府及社会各界指导和帮扶下,带动各村累计取得村集体经济收益达581.54万元,平均每村年均获得集体经营收入为10.77万元,原有集体经济空壳村全部清零,新型农村集体经济实现了量的快速增长和质的有效提升。青椅山镇乡村干部和村民积极作为,因地制宜探索集体经济多样化发展路径,主要包括承包经营、龙头企业带动、飞地经济、自主经营、集体资产租赁等,新型农村集体经济欣欣向荣。但新型集体经济发展基础还比较薄弱,面临着缺乏综合素质高的带头人、“造血”能力不强、留守村民老龄化、资金来源比较单一等困境。为此,本文提出坚持科学发展、发挥村支书引领带头作用、激活内生发展动能、完善引才育才机制、汇聚帮扶合力等对策建议。

The sustainable development of the new-type rural collective economy is the inherent requirement of the all-round revitalization of the countryside.Taking Qingyishan Town,Kuandian County,a mountainous area in eastern Liaoning province,as the object of study,this paper analyzed the current situation of the new-type collective economy in rural area,the way to advance it,and the predicament it faces,and identified some countermeasures for its sustainable development.Results show that,under the guidance and help of the local government and all social circles,Qingyishan town made a total of 5,815,400 yuan from 2017 to 2022.The average annual income in collective operating income per village was 107,700 yuan from the original zero income.The new rural collective economy has achieved rapid growth and quality of effective improvement.Village leaders and villagers in Qingyishan town were actively taking actions to explore diversified development paths of collective economy according to local conditions,mainly including contract operation,leading enterprises,enclave economy,independent operation,and collective asset leasing.The new rural collective economy is thriving.However,the new-type collective economic development foundation is still relatively weak and faces some challenges,including the lack of high-quality leaders,weak “Blood-generating” ability,aging of the left-behind villagers,and limited source of funds.Therefore,this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions,including insisting on scientific development,giving a full play to the leading role of village party secretary,activating endogenous development momentum,perfecting the mechanism of attracting talents,cultivating talents,and gathering help.