多肽及蛋白质的化学合成研究

Chemical Synthesis of Peptides and Proteins

多肽与蛋白质作为生物体内的活性物质和生命活动的物质基础,在信号传递、能量利用、免疫应答等基础生理过程发挥着至关重要的作用,并与多种疾病的发生密切相关。获得一定数量高纯度的多肽和蛋白质是研究其结构、生物学功能以及开发相关药物的重要前提。天然多肽与蛋白质的来源主要有动植物的组织器官、微生物的次级代谢产物等。目前,自然提取、重组技术和化学合成是多肽与蛋白质的主要获得途径。相较于从天然产物中提取分离和基因重组表达,化学合成能够方便地在多肽与蛋白质的任意位点引入非天然氨基酸或特定类型的翻译后修饰基团,如糖基化、磷酸化、荧光团及光交联反应基团等,极大地促进了多肽与蛋白质在基础医学及生物医药研究领域的应用发展。本综述全面介绍了多肽与蛋白质的各种化学合成研究策略,并讨论了这些策略的基本原理、优缺点及应用价值,旨在为多肽及蛋白质的合成研究提供参考。

As the material basis of active substances and life activities in living organisms,peptides and proteins play vital roles in basic physiological processes such as signal transmission,energy utilization,immune response,etc.And they are closely related to the occurrence of a variety of diseases.An important prerequisite for studying their structure and biological function and developing related drugs is to obtain a certain number of high pure peptides and proteins.The sources of natural peptides and proteins mainly include tissues and organs of animals and plants,secondary metabolites of microorganisms,etc.Natural extraction,recombinant technology,and chemical synthesis are the main methods to obtain peptides and proteins.Chemical synthesis can conveniently introduce unnatural amino acids or specific types of post-translational modification groups at any site of peptides and proteins compared with the former two,such as glycosylation,phosphorylation,fluorophores,and photorelinking reaction groups,which has greatly promoted the application and development of peptides and proteins in the field of medicine research.This review comprehensively introduces the various chemical synthesis strategies of peptides and proteins,along with the basic principles,advantages and disadvantages,and application values,aiming to provide a novel sight for synthesizing peptides and proteins.