池塘和稻田养殖环境下克氏原螯虾肠道菌群结构特征及其影响因素

Structural characteristics and influencing factors of intestinal microflora of Procrayfish clarki in ponds and rice fields

试验旨在研究池塘和稻田养殖环境下克氏原螯虾肠道菌群结构特征及其影响因素。选择3口克氏原螯虾养殖池塘,3块水稻-克氏原螯虾综合种养田块,在池塘和稻田中陆续放养4~5 g/只克氏原螯虾(250~300 kg/hm^(2))。采集池塘和稻田内克氏原螯虾(25~32 g/只)、表层底泥和底层水样品,利用16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术比较分析池塘和稻田两种养殖模式下克氏原螯虾肠道菌群结构的差异。试验期90 d。结果表明,与池塘养殖相比,稻田养殖克氏原螯虾肠道微生物多样性有降低趋势。稻田水体微生物多样性显著低于池塘水体(P<0.05)。与池塘养殖相比,稻田养殖克氏原螯虾肠道内Planktothrix等相对丰度显著增加(P<0.05),而Uncultured Chthoniobacterales等相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05)。相关性分析结果表明,克氏原螯虾肠道菌群与底泥和水体微生物显著正相关(P<0.05),且与底泥微生物相关性更强。研究表明,池塘和稻田养殖克氏原螯虾肠道微生物菌群结构差异显著,其肠道微生物结构受养殖环境的正向调控,且受底泥微生物的影响更大。

The experiment was to study the structure and influencing factors of intestinal microflora of Procrayfish clarkii in pond and rice field.Three breeding ponds and three rice-breeding plots were selected.4~5 g of crayfish(250~300 kg/hm^(2))were raised successively in ponds and rice fields.Samples of crayfish(25~32 g/person),surface sediment and bottom water were collected in ponds and rice fields.The 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing technology was used to compare and analyze the difference of gut microbiota structure of Procrayfish clarkii under two farming modes,which were pond and rice field.The experiment lasted for 90 d.The results showed that the intestinal microbial diversity of Procrayfish clarkii tended to decrease in rice field culture compared with pond culture.The microbial diversity of rice field water was significantly lower than that of pond water(P<0.05).Compared with pond,the relative abundance of Planktothrix in intestinal tract of Procrazii clarkii cultured in rice field was significantly increased(P<0.05).The relative abundance of uncultured Chthoniobacterales was significantly decreased(P<0.05).The results of correlation analysis showed that the gut microbiota of Procrayfish clarkii was significantly positively correlated with sediment and water microorganisms(P<0.05),the correlation with sediment microorganisms was stronger.The experiment indicates that there is a significant difference in the structure of gut microbiota of Procrayfish clarki between pond and rice field.The gut microbial structure is positively regulated by the culture environment,which is more affected by sediment microorganisms.