夏枯草水提物长期干预对大鼠存活率、自发性甲状腺癌和肿瘤性C细胞增生的影响

Effects of a Long-term Administration of Aqueous Extract of Prunella vulgaris L.on Survival,Spontaneous Thyroid Carcinoma and Neoplastic C-cell Hyperplasia in Rats

目的 探讨夏枯草(Prunella vulgaris L.,PV)水提物对大鼠存活率、自发性甲状腺癌及其癌前病变的影响。方法 将552只Wistar大鼠(雌雄各半)随机分为4组,每组138只,对照组饲喂普通饲料,低、中、高PV组分别饲喂含2.5、8.25和25 g/kg体质量PV的特制饲料,喂养24个月。干预结束后,检测血清代谢指标(肝功能、肾功能、血糖、血脂),组织学检查明确甲状腺癌类型及其癌前病变。结果 与对照组比较,高PV组雄鼠血清天冬氨酸氨基转移酶降低(P<0.05)。各组存活率、体质量和其他代谢指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对照组,低、中、高PV组分别有14(12.7%)、14(12.7%)、15(13.4%)和8(7.2%)只大鼠发生甲状腺癌。甲状腺髓样癌(MTC)是两性中最为高发的自发性甲状腺癌。各PV组肿瘤性C细胞增生(CCH)发生率均低于对照组(P<0.05),以高PV组最低(雌鼠下降4倍,雄鼠下降5倍)。结论 长期服用PV水提物在不影响存活率和代谢的情况下,可降低大鼠肿瘤性CCH的发生风险。

Objective To investigate the effects of an aqueous extract of Prunella vulgaris L.(PV)on survival,spontaneous thyroid carcinoma and its preneoplastic lesion in rats.Methods A total of 552 Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups(n=138)and given one of the following diets for 24 months:chow diet(control),2.5(low),8.25(middle)and 25(high)g/kg body weight PV diets.After the intervention,serum metabolic parameters including indicators of liver and renal function,glucose and lipid profiles were measured.Histological examination was conducted to confirm the types of thyroid carcinoma and its preneoplastic lesion.Results Compared with the control group,the serum aspartate transaminase of male rats in high PV group decreased significantly(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in survival rate,body weight and other metabolic indicators among the groups(P<0.05).In the control,low,middle and high PV groups,14(12.7%),14(12.7%),15(13.4%)and 8(7.2%)rats developed thyroid carcinoma,respectively.Medullary thyroid carcinoma(MTC)emerged as the most common histological type in both sexes.The incidence rates of neoplastic C-cell hyperplasia(CCH)in PV groups were lower than that of control(P<0.05),and the lowest was in high PV group(4-time decrease in female rats and 5-time decrease in male rats).Conclusion Long-term administration of aqueous extract of PV decreased the incidence of neoplastic CCH without impairing survival and metabolic parameters in rats.