‘甜蜜蓝宝石’葡萄组培技术研究

Study on Tissue Culture Technology of‘Sweet Sapphire’Grape

以鲜食葡萄品种‘甜蜜蓝宝石’为试材,取当年生的半木质化茎段作为组织培养的外植体,通过探索外植体消毒、启动培养、增殖培养、生根培养以及炼苗移栽环节的关键技术,建立适用于‘甜蜜蓝宝石’的组培快繁体系。结果表明,将当年生半木质化茎段,先用75%酒精消毒40 s、再用0.1%升汞消毒15 min,外植体成活率达到40%;最佳启动培养基为1/2 MS+30 g/L蔗糖+6.5 g/L琼脂,腋芽萌发率达到57.8%;利用1/2 MS培养基作为继代培养基,增殖效果最好,45 d增殖系数高达5.2;利用1/4 MS+IBA 0.1 mg/L培养基进行生根培养效果最好,生根率达到88.3%,新芽茎秆较为粗壮,生长正常;生根培养50 d以上,按程序炼苗过渡移栽,成活率高达90%。

A tissue culture and rapid propagation system for‘sweet sapphire’was basically established by exploring the key techniques of explant disinfection,starting culture,proliferation culture,rooting culture and transplanting of fresh grape variety‘sweet sapphire’.The results showed that when the semi-lignified stem segments of the current year were first disinfected with 75%alcohol for 40 s and then with 0.1%HgCl2 for 15 min,the survival rate of explants reached 40%.The optimal starting medium was 1/2 MS+30 g/L sucrose+6.5 g/L agar,and the germination rate of axillary buds reached 57.8%.The 1/2 MS medium was used as the subculture medium,and the proliferation rate was as high as 5.2 after 45 days.The best rooting effect was obtained by 1/4 MS+IBA 0.1 mg/L medium,and the rooting rate reached 88.3%.The stem of new bud was relatively strong and the growth was normal.Root culture for more than 50 days,according to the program of transplanting seedlings transition,the survival rate was as high as 90%.