2016—2021年湖南省永州市布鲁氏菌病流行病学调查

Epidemiological Investigation on Brucellosis in Yongzhou City of Hunan Province from 2016 to 2021

为了解近年来湖南省永州市布鲁氏菌病(简称布病)流行情况及传播风险因素,2016—2021年采用血清检测、溯源调查、问卷调查、人间病例统计等方法,对全市牛羊及其养殖场户开展了流行病学调查。近6年,布病在永州市牛群中已得到有效控制;布病主要流行于羊群,平均个体阳性率为2.07%,但其流行程度呈逐年下降趋势。布病主要传播风险因素为,阳性病畜的违规引进、交叉放牧接触以及养殖场户布病防护意识薄弱。被调查场户对布病防治知识有一定了解,但仍有25.69%徒手从事养殖工作,并有少数场户将牛羊产后胎盘、流产胎儿烹饪食用或供其他动物食用。人间布病在不同县区均有发生,其中男性病例数高于女性,40~59岁人群发病率最高,农民和屠宰业人员发病居多。调查提示,永州市应进一步强化布病防控宣传,提高养殖户防护意识,完善检疫监管机制,杜绝病畜违规调运,引导养殖户减少交叉放牧,积极推进布病净化,保证畜牧业健康发展及公共卫生安全。

In order to investigate the prevalence and transmission risks of brucellosis in Yongzhou City,Hunan Province in recent years,an epidemiological investigation was conducted for cattle,sheep and relevant farms/households across the city by means of serum testing,tracing investigation,questionnaire and human case statistics from 2016 to 2021.In the past 6 years,brucellosis was effectively controlled in cattle herd in the city,but mainly prevalent in sheep,with an average individual positive rate of 2.07%,but its prevalence was decreasing year by year.Illegal introduction of positive animals,contact through cross grazing and poor awareness for brucellosis prevention were considered as the major risk factors for spreading the disease.The interviewees knew about brucellosis to certain extent,but 25.69%of them engaged in breeding without any protection,and a few of them cooked the postpartum placenta and aborted fetus of cattle and sheep for consumption or for other animals to eat.Human cases were found in different counties or districts,more in male cases compared to female ones,the incidence was highest in the population at the ages from 40 to 59,mainly in farmers and slaughterhouse workers.It was recommended to further increase the knowledge publicity about the disease,improve farmers' awareness,develop quarantine supervision mechanism to avoid any illegal transportation of diseased livestock,guide farmers to reduce cross grazing,actively purify brucellosis,and thus to safeguard healthy development of livestock industry and public health safety.