我国油菜生产现状、效益及提升策略

The Current Situation,Benefit and Improvement Strategy of Rape Production in China

油菜是我国第一大自产植物油源,对确保食用油安全有着十分重要的作用。目前我国每年需进口大量食用油,自给率不足35%,因而大力发展油菜产业刻不容缓。基于国家统计年鉴资料,分析总结了2000—2018年油菜产业的发展情况,对影响油菜生产的成本及利润等方面情况进行分析,发现2000—2018年间我国油菜种植面积及产量基本保持稳定,在当前耕地面积有限的情况下,大力发展高油油菜是提高总产最有效的途径;2012年以来,净利润一直为负值,主要是肥料、人工投入及作业成本增幅过大所致。可通过发展油菜多用途等方法提高综合效益,增强农户生产积极性,促进油菜产业发展,确保我国食用油安全。

Rape is the largest self-produced vegetable oil source in China,and plays an important role in ensuring the safety of edible oil.At present,China needs to import a large amount of edible oil every year,and the self-sufficiency rate is less than 35%,thus making it urgent to develop the rape industry.Based on the data from the National Statistical Yearbook,this paper has summarized the rape industry development status and analyzed factors affecting the cost and profit of rape production from 2000 to 2018.It has found that the planting area and output of rape in China remained basically stable from 2000 to 2018.Under the current situation of limited arable land,vigorously developing high-oil rape is the most effective way to improve the total output.Since 2012,the net profit from planting rape had been negative,mainly due to the excessive increase of fertilizer and labor inputs,and operation cost.Such strategies as developing multiple uses of rape should be taken,so as to improve comprehensive benefits,enhance the production enthusiasm of farmers,promote the development of the rape industry,and ensure the safety of edible oil in China.