抽穗扬花期温度对水稻产量和稻米品质的影响

Effect of Temperature at Heading and Flowering Stage on the Yield and Quality of Rice

为探索水稻抽穗扬花期高温对产量性状和稻米品质的影响,以泰优390和隆晶优1212为材料,在抽穗扬花期期于人工气候室以32、35、38℃处理7 d,以同时期田间自然温度条件作对照(CK,平均温度30.6℃),研究不同处理水稻的产量性状和稻米品质。结果表明:38℃处理下泰优390和隆晶优1212的结实率分别为51.52%、54.38%,千粒重分别为19.6、22.98 g,产量分别为43.41、52.32 g/盆,均显著低于对照和其他处理,但高温对有效穗和穗粒数影响较小。高温处理的2个品种稻米的出糙率、精米率、整精米率和胶稠度显著降低,而直链淀粉含量显著提高。综上,水稻抽穗扬花期高温可致使结实率和产量下降,同时影响稻米的加工品质和蒸熟品质,但不同品种受高温的影响表现存在差异。

In order to explore the effect of high temperature at heading and flowering stage on the yield and quality of rice,Taiyou 390 and Longjingyou 1212 were used as materials and treated at 32,35 and 38℃in artificial climate chamber for 7 d with the natural temperature in the field at the same stage as the control(CK,average temperature 30.6℃).The results showed that the seed setting rates,1000-grain weights and yields of Taiyou 390 and Longjingyou 1212 at 38℃were 51.52%,19.6 g,43.41 g/pot,and 54.38%,22.98 g,52.32 g/pot,respectively,which were significantly lower than those of the control and other treatments,but high temperature had less effect on the effective panicle and grain number per panicle.Moreover,high temperature significantly reduced the husked rice yield,milled rice rate,head milled rice rate and gel consistency of Taiyou 390 and Longjingyou 1212,and significantly increased amylose content.To sum up,high temperature at heading and flowering stage of rice could reduce the seed setting rate and yield,and affect the processing quality and steaming quality of rice,but different varieties were affected by high temperature differently.