长江、珠江上游土地利用及其生态系统服务价值空间变化研究——以黔南州为例

Spatial Changes of Land Use and Ecosystem Service Value in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River and Pearl River-A Case Study of Qiannan Prefecture

基于长江、珠江上游黔南州2009—2019年土地利用数据,采用土地利用转移矩阵、生态系统服务价值评估方法及空间自相关性分析方法,分析黔南州10 a间的土地利用变化情况及其对区域生态系统服务价值(ESV)的影响。研究发现,黔南州土地利用结构变化明显,林地面积增加最多,园地面积增幅最大,建设用地和水域面积增长明显,而草地面积减少最多、减幅也最大,未利用地和耕地面积均呈减少趋势;各土地利用类型间相互转移面积较大,达880833.92 hm^(2),占全州国土面积的比例达33.62%,主要特征为耕地、草地转变为林地,耕地、林地转为建设用地等。黔南州ESV净增加340.17亿元,生态服务当量因子价值增加和土地利用结构变化分别贡献净增益的70.20%和29.80%;林地在黔南州生态系统服务中起着主导作用,2019年林地对地区ESV的贡献达83.16%。黔南州ESV损益在空间上具有显著的正自相关性,其高值区进一步聚集增加,低值区进一步聚集扩大。可见,10年间黔南州生态环境质量大幅提升,对长江、珠江流域生态环境稳定作出积极贡献。

Based on the land use data of Qiannan Prefecture(located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and Pearl River)from 2009 to 2019,the study used the land use transfer matrix,ecosystem service value evaluation method and spatial autocorrelation analysis method to analyze land use changes of Qiannan Prefecture in 10 years and impacts on regional ecosystem service value(ESV).The results showed that the land use structure changed significantly in Qiannan Prefecture:the increased area of woodland was the largest,the area of garden land increased the most,and the area of construction land and water area increased obviously;both the decreased area and extent in grassland were the largest,and the area of unused land and farmland showed a decreasing trend.The transfer area among different land use types was large,reaching 880833.92 hm^(2) and accounting for 33.62%of the total land area in the prefecture,mainly in the conversion of farmland and grassland into woodland,and farmland and woodland into construction land.The net increase of ESV in Qiannan Prefecture was 34.017 billion yuan,of which the increase of the ecological service equivalent factor value and the change of the land use structure contributed 70.20%and 29.80%,respectively.Woodland played a leading role in ecosystem services in Qiannan Prefecture,and contributed 83.16%to regional ESV in 2019.The ESV profit and loss in Qiannan Prefecture showed a significant positive autocorrelation in space,with the high value area further gathering and increasing,and the low value area further gathering and expanding.Therefore,it could be seen that the quality of ecological environment in Qiannan Prefecture was greatly improved in 10 years,making positive contributions to the stability of ecological environment in the Yangtze River and Pearl River basins.