武汉大学早期建筑群翼角建造探析

A Construction History of the Upturned Roof-ridges in the Early Architecture of Wuhan University

武汉大学早期建筑群于2001年、2016年分别获批为全国重点文物保护单位、首批中国20世纪建筑遗产,是中西协作建设的中国固有式建筑的典范。文章基于翔实史料,梳理了两期工程中翼角建造的历史。论述了一期工程中,本土工匠主动施工变更的具体内容和原因。并解读了在施工变更的影响之下,外籍设计师对二期工程翼角结构设计和图纸绘制的改进,及设计改进所体现的观念变化。文章通过实证研究,论述了近代中国固有式建筑中,本土工匠的主动施工变更现象,此现象反映了本土工匠对民族形式的影响更具主动性,且与工匠地缘相关。同时通过解读两期工程翼角的设计内容,论述了外籍设计师对中国固有式建筑设计认知的探索与发展。最终以此反映本土工匠和外籍设计师对中国固有式建筑的影响侧重与相互作用。

The early architecture of Wuhan University is widely lauded as a prime example of Sino-Western cooperation in‘quintessential Chinese style’(Zhongguo guyou shi)architecture,and was recognised as a Major Historic and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level in 2001 and included in the first batch of 20th-century Chinese architectural heritage in 2016.Utilising detailed historical data,this article examines the construction history of the upturned roof-ridges in these buildings during the two phases of the campus development.It delves into the construction alterations made by Chinese craftsmen in the first phase,followed by the refinement of the structural design and drawings of the upturned roof-ridges by foreign designers in the second phase,and the encompassing evolution of their concepts.Moreover,with specific examples,this article investigates the innovative construction modifications made by Chinese craftsmen in‘quintessential Chinese style’architecture.It highlights the active role of Chinese craftsmen in reshaping conventional architectural forms,largely influenced by their geographical relationship.Additionally,by analysing the design of upturned roof-ridges,this article explains the foreign designers’comprehension and practices of the‘quintessential Chinese style’.Finally,this article emphasises the two groups’contributions towards shaping and influencing the‘quintessential Chinese style’architecture.