不同覆盖材料对幼龄茶园土壤温湿度的影响及杂草防治效果

Effects of Different Mulching Materials onWeedgrowth,Soil Temperature and Moisture in Young Tea Gardens

茶园杂草物种丰富,组成差异较大,对茶树生长和生态环境带来严重影响。为通过优化幼龄茶园管护,解决生产实际问题,探索操作简便、绿色环保的覆盖防草技术,以降低草害防控成本,同时达到提高茶叶产量的目的,于2022年进行了茶园覆盖防草试验。试验在同一幼龄茶园以清耕露地为对照,设置黑色地膜、PP防草布、PE防草布、水稻秸秆、银灰色地膜5种覆盖材料,分析比较不同处理下土壤温度、土壤含水量及杂草鲜质量的变化。结果显示,各覆盖处理具有增温和降温双重效应,其中0~25 cm土层温度以PE防草布覆盖增温幅度最大,较CK增温1.9℃;除银灰色地膜出现降墒效应(平均含水量20.5%),黑色地膜、PP防草布、PE防草布、水稻秸秆覆盖处理平均土壤含水量分别较CK提高2.4、2.0、3.3、2.3个百分点;各覆盖处理对杂草生长具有抑制作用,其中PP防草布对杂草的防效达100.0%;通过成本核算,PP防草布第一年投入的材料成本最高,人工成本最低,从长远看,PP防草布综合效益最好,即PP防草布更适合作为茶园杂草绿色防控的覆盖材料。

Tea gardens have diverse weed species and weeds have a large difference in composition,thus having a serious impact on the growth of tea plants and the ecological environment.In order to achieve the optimization of young tea gardens,solve the actual problems of production and explore the simple and environmental friendly coverage technology,an experiment was conducted in 2022 to reduce the cost of prevention and control of weed damage and also achieve the purpose of increasing tea yield.The experiment was conducted in the same young tea garden with a clear plowed open field as the control.Five different mulching materials including black plastic film,PP weed control cloth,PE weed control cloth,rice straw and silver gray plastic film were set up.The changes in soil temperature,soil water content and weeds under different treatments were analyzed.The results show that each mulching treatment had a dual effect of warming and cooling.PE weed control cloth coverage had the largest warming amplitude,1.9℃higher than CK.Except for the effect of silver-gray plastic filmon soil moisture reduction(average moisture content of 20.5%),the average moisture contents under black plastic film,PP weed control cloth,PE weed control cloth,rice straw coverage increased by 2.4,2.0,3.3 and 2.3 percentage point compared to CK.Each mulching treatment could efficiently restrain the growth of weeds,among which the fresh weight control effect of PP weed control cloth was 100.0%.Through cost accounting,PP weed control cloth in the first year has the highest material cost and the lowest labor cost.In the long run,the comprehensive benefits of PP weed control cloth are the best.Therefore,PP weed control cloth is more suitable as a coverage material for the green prevention and control in tea gardens.