西部山区泥石流灾害下建筑物破坏特征与破坏等级划分

Damage Form and Vulnerability Analysis of Buildings under Debris Flow Impact

近年来我国西部山区泥石流灾害频发,严重威胁当地居民的生命财产安全,其中,建筑物的破坏是造成各类损失的重要原因。正确认识泥石流的致灾机理和泥石流灾害下建筑的破坏特征不仅是正确评价泥石流灾害风险的基础,也是科学构建泥石流下房屋建筑易损性模型的依据。基于文献查阅、新闻资料和现场调研,首先对西部山区泥石流灾害主要特点进行了归纳阐述,其次梳理了近年来发生泥石流灾害中建筑物的破坏特征,最后结合泥石流的动力学特性和建筑结构情况剖析了建筑结构的受损机理。基于建筑物的空间分布与泥石流强度的时空耦合变化特征,对泥石流强度表征方式给出方向性建议;基于建筑的受损机理,参考地震作用下建筑的破坏等级划分标准,初步提出了泥石流下建筑物破坏等级划分方式,旨在为防灾减灾工作提供一定参考。

In recent years,debris flow disasters occur frequently in western mountainous areas of China,which seriously threatens the safety of local residents′lives and property.Among them,the destruction of buildings is an important cause of various losses.A proper understanding of both the mechanism of debris flow and the damage characteristics of buildings under such disaster is not only the basis for the accurate risk assessment of debris flow disasters,but also the basis for scientifically constructing vulnerability models of buildings under the impact of debris flow disasters.Initially,the main characteristics of debris flow disasters in the western mountainous areas are summarized and explained based on literature review,news sources,and field investigation.Then the damage characteristics of buildings in debris flow disasters in recent years are summarized.Lastly,the damage mechanism of building structures is analyzed in combination with the dynamic characteristics of debris flow and the conditions of building structures.Given the spatial distribution of buildings and the spatiotemporal coupling variation characteristics of debris flow intensity,directional suggestions are offered to characterize the debris flow intensity.Furthermore,in light of the damage mechanism of buildings and by referring to the classification standard of damage grades for buildings under earthquakes,a preliminary classification method for damage grades of buildings under debris flow is proposed.This approach aims to provide some guidance for disaster prevention and reduction.