基于Caprini风险评估模型的护理干预预防颅脑术后下肢静脉血栓的效果

Effect of Nursing Intervention on the Prevention of Lower Extremity Venous Thrombosis after Craniocerebral Surgery Based on Caprini Risk Assessment Model

目的:探究分析基于Caprini风险评估模型的护理干预预防颅脑术后下肢静脉血栓的效果。方法:抽取我院神经外科2020年2月-2022年2月间收治的67例需实施颅脑术治疗的患者为观察对象并纳入本组研究,将其依照随机数字表法(由计算机随机生成数字1-67号)分成两组,对照组33例,观察组34例。其中,对照组术后施以常规护理干预,观察组采取基于Caprini风险评估模型的护理干预预防对策,比较两组患者护理前后神经功能缺损、心理状态评分、下肢静脉血栓发生率及对护理的满意度。结果:(1)观察组经护理干预后评估发现,其组中患者NIHSS、SAS、SDS评分均低于对照组(t=-4.657、-7.504、-8.031,P<0.05);(2)观察组无下肢静脉血栓高危发生风险,低危2例,中危1例,均低于对照组的风险发生数,但中高危数据对比差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.133、3.077,P>0.05);低危数据对比结果显示差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.566,P<0.05);(3)观察组患者护理总满意度为94.12%,高于对照组护理总满意度78.79%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=10.034,P<0.05)。结论:基于Caprini风险评估模型的护理干预预防颅脑术后下肢静脉血栓效果良好,不但有助于脑神经功能恢复,还能稳定心理状态,而高质量的护理服务可提高患者满意度。

Objective:To explore and analyze the effect of nursing intervention based on Caprini risk assessment model on the prevention of lower extremity venous thrombosis after craniocerebral surgery.Methods:The neurosurgery department of our hospital was selected in the past two years(case study time:From February 2020 to February 2022,67 patients who needed craniocerebral surgery were selected as the observation objects and included in this study.According to the random number table method(the number 1-67 was randomly generated by the computer),they were divided into two groups,33 patients in the control group and 34 patients in the observation group.Among them,the control group received routine nursing intervention after surgery,while the observation group adopted nursing intervention and prevention countermeasures based on Caprini risk assessment model.The neurological deficit,mental state score,incidence of lower extremity venous thrombosis and satisfaction with nursing were compared between the two groups before and after nursing.Results:(1)After nursing intervention,the NIHSS,SAS and SDS scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group(t=4.657,7.504,8.031,P<0.05);(2)After investigation,it was found that there was no high risk of lower extremity venous thrombosis in the observation group,2 cases of low risk and 1 case of medium risk,which were lower than the risk of the control group,but the difference between the middle and high data was small(χ^(2)=1.133,3.077,P>0.05).The comparison results of low-risk data showed statistical significance(χ^(2)=4.566,P<0.05).(3)After postoperative investigation,it was found that the total satisfaction of the observation group(94.12%)was higher than that of the control group(78.79%)(χ^(2)=10.034,P<0.05).Conclusion:The nursing intervention based on Caprini risk assess ment model has a good effect on the prevention of lower extremity venous thrombosis after craniocerebral surgery,which not only contributes to the recovery of cerebral nerve function,but also can stabilize the psychological state,and high-quality nursing service can improve the satisfaction of patients.