近60年黑龙江省台风暴雨统计及环流特征分析

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF TYPHOON RAINSTORM AND CIRCULATION CHARACTERISTICS IN HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE IN RECENT 60 YEARS

使用台风最佳路径、黑龙江省83个国家基本气象站日降水量资料及NCEP NC再分析资料,对近60年黑龙江省台风活动规律、台风暴雨时空分布和环流形势及各物理量统计特征等进行分析。结果表明:2010年以后造成暴雨的台风个数增加,2015年之后台风暴雨强度持续增加,2020年达到最强。黑龙江省台风暴雨站次最多的时间是7月下旬至9月上旬。黑龙江省受台风影响出现暴雨的次数自东南向西北递减,暴雨次数多的站点一般与地形有关。将台风暴雨过程的高空环流形势分为3型8类,A型暴雨过程以台风环流降水为主,多数为稳定性降水,降水持续时间较长,B型和C型暴雨过程有较强冷空气参与,对流活跃,通常雨强较大。给黑龙江省带来大范围暴雨的环流形势有5类。以A-Ⅱ和C-Ⅰ两种环流形势出现的台风个数最多,A-Ⅱ和B-Ⅱ造成的暴雨范围最广。黑龙江省台风暴雨过程低空均有低涡活动;水汽主要来自日本海和黄渤海;低层辐合中心与暴雨区有较好的对应关系。A-Ⅱ类台风暴雨的各个物理量特征最突出(假相当位温和比湿略小于B-Ⅱ类);B-Ⅱ类台风暴雨过程的暖湿空气最强,尽管动力条件稍差,但较好的热力和水汽条件也足以造成大范围的暴雨天气,成为平均单个过程出现暴雨以上站次最多的类型。

Based on the optimal typhoon path,daily precipitation data of 83 national stations in Heilongjiang province and NCEP NC reanalysis data,the typhoon activity law,the temporal and spatial distribution of typhoon rainstorms,the circulation situation and the statistical characteristics of various physical parameters in Heilongjiang province in recent 60 years were analyzed.The results showed that the number of typhoons causing rainstorms had increased since 2010.After 2015,the intensity of typhoon rainstorms continued to increase and reached its peak in 2020.The heaviest typhoon rainstorms in Heilongjiang province were from late July to early September.The number of rainstorms under the influence of typhoons in Heilongjiang province decreased from southeast to northwest,and the sites with more rainstorms were generally related to topography.The upper air circulation patterns of typhoons and rainstorms were divided into 3 types and 8 categories.Type A rainstorm process was dominated by typhoon circulation precipitation,most of which were stable rainfall,with long duration of precipitation as the main characteristics.Type B and type C rainstorm processes had strong cold air participation,convection was active,usually the rain intensity was relatively high.Five types of circulation patterns bring rainstorms to Heilongjiang province.The number of typhoons with rainstorms was the largest under the two circulation patterns of A-Ⅱand C-Ⅰ.A-Ⅱand B-Ⅱcaused the most extensive rainstorm area.In the process of typhoon rainstorms in Heilongjiang province,there were vortex activities at low altitudes.The water vapor mainly came from the Sea of Japan and the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea.There was good correspondence between the low-level convergence center and the rainstorm area.The characteristics of various physical quantities of A-Ⅱtyphoons were the most prominent(θse and specific humidity was slightly less than B-Ⅱ).B-Ⅱhad the strongest warm and wet air,although the dynamic conditions were slightly worse,the better thermal and moisture conditions were also enough to cause a large range of rainstorm weather,becoming the type with the largest number of rainstorm stations in an average single process on average.