河南武陟方言单字调实验研究

An Acoustic Analysis on Mono-syllabic Tones in Wuzhi Dialect in He'nan Province

提要河南武陟方言属于晋语,处于与中原官话接触的前沿地带,有5个声调:阴平■44、阳平■31、上声■51、去声■242和入声■3。本文对11位发音人的单字调进行声学分析,发现阳平■31和上声■51有两折调的调位变体,且调长较长;从个人差异来看,调值变化处于动荡期;入声已经进入到舒化的后期阶段,调形与阴平■44相似,通过对音高、调长和发声态三个维度数据分析,发现喉塞尾和音高差异是区分阴平■44和入声■3的关键,而调长所起作用最小。通过与田野调查的定性结果比较,本文给出单字调的语音描写,分析了声调调位变体的变化趋势,比如阳平呈现出由三折到退化两折再到中降的变化。

Wuzhi dialect in He'nan province is a Jin dialect which locates in the boundary area between Jin group and Zhongyuan Mandarin.There are five tones,i.e.Yinping阴平T1,Yangping阳平T2,Shangsheng上声T3,Qusheng去声T4 and Rusheng入声T5.This paper carries out acoustic analysis on tones of 11 speakers and finds out that T2 and T3 have tonal variations which are flectional and the duration is long.Tone pitch are in the turbulent period from the prospect of individual difference.The Rusheng入声T5 tone has been in the late stage of softening and its tonal contour is similar to that of Yinping阴平T1.Based on the data of pitch,duration and vocalization,this paper demonstrates that the key to distinguish T1 and T5 is glottal coda and pitch while the duration is less important.Comparing with the qualitative research of field investigation,this paper describes the tones phonetically and phonologically,analyzes the evolutional tendency of the tone variations,i.e.T2 evolve from triple circumflex tone to degenerate double circumflex tone,and then to moderate falling tone.