耕地健康视角的耕地休耕空间配置研究——以贵州省松桃县为例

Research on Spatial Allocation of the Cultivated Land Fallow from the Cultivated Land Health Perspective:A Case Study in Songtao County,Guizhou Provice,China

耕地休耕制度是落实“藏粮于地”战略的重要举措,对保障我国粮食安全和实现农业可持续发展具有深远意义。立足于探索耕地休耕空间配置的内涵和技术方法,以此解决因休耕地错配而导致休耕的效率和效益受损问题。以生态严重退化地区、国家第一批休耕试点的贵州省松桃县为例,采用基于休耕目标的耕地健康综合评价法诊断识别休耕地,并按照休耕要求优选休耕地。结果表明:(1)广义上的耕地休耕空间配置的内涵本质,就是将休耕规模、休耕区域、休耕时序和休耕技术模式进行优化组合,实现对休耕地的“定量、定位、定序、定术”宏观调控。(2)休耕区域空间布局的重要基础是基于耕地健康综合评价的休耕地诊断识别,耕地健康程度由耕地质量目标和耕地产能目标共同决定;休耕区域空间布局的核心内容是空间约束,以集中连片作为主要约束条件。(3)松桃县耕地健康程度一般,休耕潜力较大且旱地明显比水田休耕潜力大,适度休耕为主、优先休耕为辅。(4)水田休耕区域主要分布在东北部、西部和南部乡镇,旱地休耕区域全县皆有分布,主要集中在东部和中部乡镇。

The cultivated land fallow system has been an important measure to implement the strategy of“food crop production strategy based on farmland”,which is of far-reaching significance for ensuring the food security and achieving the sustainable development of the agriculture.This paper is based on the connotation and technology about spatial allocation of the cultivated land fallow,to solve the low-efficiency and profit-loss problem due to the unreasonable spatial allocation of the fallow land.This paper takes Songtao County,a severely degraded area and one of the first batch of pilot fallow counties of Guizhou Province in China,as an example to illustrate how to diagnose and identify fallow land by using comprehensive health evaluation method,and to select different fallow land according to different requirements.The research results indicate that:(1)The essence of spatial allocation of the cultivated land fallow in the broad sense is to optimize the combination of the scale,the distribution,the time sequence and technical pattern of the fallow land,in order to realize the mocro-control of“quantifying,locating,sequencing and technology-selecting of the fallow land”.(2)The important basis of spatial arrangement in the fallow regions is the diagnosis and identification of the fallow cultivated land based on comprehensive health evaluation of the cultivated land,which is determined by the quality goal and production capacity goal of the cultivated land;the essence of spatial arrangement in the fallow regions is spatial testriction,with area concentration and contiguity as its main trestriction.(3)The health condition of the cultivated land in Songtao County is at the average level,it’s of great potential to carry out the fallow land system and it’s suggested that dry land is of greater potential than paddy fields,combining moderate fallow measures with prioritized fallow measures.(4)The fallow area of the paddy field is mainly distributed in northeast,west,and southern towns;the fallow area of the dry land is distributed in entire county,mainly distributed in the eastern and central part of the county.