共情在护生人格特征和死亡态度间的中介效应

The mediating effect of empathy between nursing students' personality traits and attitude towards death

目的探讨共情在护生人格特征和死亡态度间的中介效应。方法于2022年4—5月采用一般资料问卷、大五人格量表、杰弗逊共情量表、死亡态度描绘量表对237名本科护生进行问卷调查,使用SPSS 26.0进行描述性分析、共同方法偏差检验和相关性分析,使用PROCESS宏程序进行中介效应检验。结果宜人性[(32.78±4.92)分]、共情[(110.03±16.83)分]分别与积极死亡态度[(57.95±12.35)分]呈正相关(r=0.274,0.571,均P<0.01),神经质[(23.00±4.78)分]与消极死亡态度[(31.81±10.04)分]呈正相关(r=0.199,P<0.01),共情与消极死亡态度呈负相关(r=-0.226,P<0.01)。共情在神经质和消极死亡态度之间起着部分中介作用,效应值为16.08%(0.032/0.199);在宜人性和积极死亡态度间起完全中介作用。结论本科护生死亡态度以自然接受为主,人格特征可以直接影响死亡态度,也可通过共情间接影响死亡态度。

Objective To explore the mediating effect of empathy between personality traits and death attitude in nursing students.Methods From April to May 2022,a total of 237 undergraduate nursing students were surveyed by general information questionnaire,big five inventory,Jefferson scale of empathy for nursing students,and death attitude profile-revised.Common method bias test,correlation analysis and descriptive analysis were conducted by SPSS 26.0 software.PROCESS macro program was used to test the mediating effect.Results Agreeableness(32.78±4.92),empathy(110.03±16.83)were positively correlated with positive death attitude(57.95±12.35)(r=0.274,0.571,both P<0.01),neuroticism(23.00±4.78)was positively correlated with negative death attitude(31.81±10.04)(r=0.199,P<0.01),empathy was negatively correlated with negative death attitude(r=-0.226,P<0.01).Empathy partially mediated the relationship between neuroticism and negative death attitude,the mediating effect accounted for 16.08%(0.032/0.199)of the total effect,and empathy played a completely mediating role between the agreeableness and positive death attitude.Conclusion The death attitude of undergraduate nursing students is mainly natural acceptance.Personality traits can directly affect death attitude and also indirectly affect death attitude through empathy.