正念和感知压力在童年创伤与大学新生精神病性体验间的链式中介作用

The chain mediating effect of mindfulness and perceived stress between childhood trauma and psychotic-like experiences among college freshmen

目的探讨正念和感知压力在童年创伤和大学新生精神病性体验之间的中介作用。方法2021年10月,采用童年创伤问卷、正念注意觉知量表、感知压力量表、简版社区心理体验评估对广东省某高校602名大一新生进行横断面调查。采用SPSS 21.0和Mplus 8.3进行数据分析,用Mann-Whitney U检验比较组间差异,用Spearman相关分析考察童年创伤、正念、感知压力和精神病性体验的相关性,用偏差校正的非参数百分位Bootstrap法检验正念和感知压力在童年创伤与精神病性体验间的中介作用。结果(1)大学新生近1个月内精神病性体验和痛苦的阳性检出率分别为59.5%和8.5%。(2)童年创伤与感知压力(r=0.29,P<0.01)、精神病性体验频率(r=0.14,P<0.01)和痛苦(r=0.17,P<0.01)均呈正相关,与正念呈负相关(r=-0.28,P<0.01)。(3)正念、感知压力在童年创伤和精神病性体验频率间起单独的中介和链式中介作用,效应值为0.08、0.04、0.03,分别占总间接效应(效应值=0.15)的53.33%、26.67%、20.00%;正念、感知压力在童年创伤和精神病性体验痛苦间起单独的中介和链式中介作用,效应值为0.07、0.04、0.03,分别占总间接效应(效应值=0.14)的50.00%、28.57%、21.43%。结论童年创伤既可以通过正念和感知压力的间接作用,又可以通过正念-感知压力的链式中介作用影响大学新生精神病性体验频率和痛苦。

Objective To explore the mediating effects of mindfulness and perceived stress between childhood trauma and psychotic-like experiences.Methods In October 2021,602 freshmen from a university in Guangdong Province were tested by childhood trauma questionnaire(CTQ),mindful attention awareness scale(MAAS),perceived stress scale(PSS),and community assessment of psychic experiences(CAPE).SPSS 21.0 and Mplus 8.3 were used for data analysis.Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differences between groups,and Spearman correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation among childhood trauma,mindfulness,perceived stress and psychotic-like experiences.Bias-corrected nonparametric percentile Bootstrap method was used to examine the mediating roles of mindfulness and perceived stress between childhood trauma and psychotic-like experiences.Results(1)In the past one month,59.5%of the freshmen had psychotic-like experiences,and 8.5%of them experienced the distress.(2)Childhood trauma was positively correlated with perceived stress(r=0.29,P<0.01),frequency(r=0.14,P<0.01)and distress(r=0.17,P<0.01)of psychotic-like experiences,and was negatively correlated with mindfulness(r=-0.28,P<0.01).(2)Mindfulness and perceived stress played individual mediating effects and chain mediating effect between childhood trauma and frequency of psychotic-like experiences,with effect size of 0.08,0.04,0.03,accounting for 53.33%,26.67%,20.00%of the total indirect effect(effect size=0.15),respectively.Mindfulness and perceived stress played individual mediating effects and chain mediating effect between childhood trauma and distress of psychotic-like experiences,with effect size of 0.07,0.04,0.03,accounting for 50.00%,28.57%,21.43%of the total indirect effect(effect size=0.14),respectively.Conclusion Childhood trauma can affect psychotic-like experiences and distress through the indirect effects of mindfulness and perceived stress,or through the chain mediating effect of mindfulness-perceived stress.