某院298例药品不良反应分析

Analysis of 298 Cases of Adverse Drug Reactions in A Hospital

目的:探讨某医院药品不良反应(ADR)发生的规律和特点,为临床合理用药提供参考依据,保障患者用药安全.方法:选取2021年1月—2022年6月中国人民解放军总医院海南医院上报的ADR监测数据为研究对象,对ADR总体情况、患者性别及年龄分布、给药途径、药品种类、ADR累及器官系统等内容进行回顾性分析.结果:ADR共298例,其中一般278例(93.29%),严重20例(6.71%).男性发生ADR的比例略高于女性.60岁以上的老年人ADR发生率较高,占44.30%.静脉给药发生的ADR最多,共216例,占72.48%;其次为口服,共58例,占19.46%.引起ADR的前3位药品分别是抗肿瘤药物108例(36.24%)、抗菌药物75例(25.17%)、中枢神经系统用药32例(10.74%).ADR累及器官系统前3位为胃肠道系统疾病197例(36.62%)、全身性疾病92例(17.10%)、皮肤及皮肤附件疾病91例(16.91%).结论:医院应加强对抗肿瘤药物和抗菌药物的监管,强化临床医生和药师药品不良反应监测和上报工作,避免ADR的发生,保障患者用药安全.

Objective:To explore the regularity and characteristics of adverse drug reactions in a hospital,so as to provide reference for clinical rational drug use and ensure drug safety for patients.Methods:The adverse drug reactions monitoring data reported by Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital from January 2021 to June 2022 were selected as research object.And general situation of adverse drug reactions,the gender and age distribution of adverse drug reactions,the route of administration,the name of the drug and the involved organ systems were analyzed.Results:There were 298 cases of adverse reactions,of which 278 cases(93.29%)were general and 20 cases(6.71%)were serious.The proportion of adverse drug reactions in males was slightly higher than that in females.The incidence of adverse drug reactions was higher in patients older than 60 years,accounting for 44.30%.The most adverse reactions occurred in intravenous administration(216 cases,72.48%),the second was oral administration(58 cases,19.46%).The top three drugs for adverse drug reactions are antitumor drugs(108 cases,36.24%),antibacterial drugs(75 cases,25.17%),and central nervous system drugs(32 cases,10.74%).The top three affected organ systems were 197 cases(36.62%)of gastrointestinal system diseases,92 cases(17.10%)of systemic diseases,91 cases(16.91%)of skin and skin accessory diseases.Conclusion:Hospitals will strengthen the supervision of antibiotics and antitumor drugs,strengthening the monitoring and reporting of adverse drug reactions by clinicians and pharmacists,avoiding the occurrence of adverse drug reactions,and ensure the drug safety of patients.