目的国政府采购本土化政策对出口的影响研究——来自中国对美国出口企业的证据

The Impact of Destination Country Government Procurement Localization on Exports-Evidence from Chinese Exporters to the US

通过扩大政府采购促使制造业回流是美国政府当前的重点政策方向,本文实证研究了美国政府采购本土化政策对于中国出口产品定价、出口边际以及企业绩效的影响。研究结果表明:在排除了关税、出口产品质量变化以及其他内生性影响之后,遭受政府采购本土化政策冲击的中国出口产品价格将显著上升,其主要原因是美国政府采购所造成的出口产品市场分割。政府采购本土化主要影响出口企业的集约边际而非扩展边际,并且这一负面冲击还会降低企业的全要素生产率、销售额、托宾Q和总资产回报率。本文的研究为我国设计政府采购政策提供参考,在政策实施时应该同时考虑政府采购对于国内市场和国外出口企业的影响。

Expanding government procurement to stimulate the resurgence of manufacturing is currently a primary policy direction of the US government.This paper conducts an empirical analysis of how the US government's procurement localization policies affect export pricing,export margins,and corporate performance.The findings suggest that,after excluding the impact of tariffs,changes in export product quality,and other endogenous factors,the prices of Chinese export products impacted by government procurement localization policies will significantly increase,primarily due to market segmentation caused by government procurement.Government procurement localization chiefly affects the intensive margins of exporting firms,rather than the extensive margins.Additionally,this negative impact reduces firms'total factor productivity,sales volume,Tobin's Q ratio,and total asset return rate.The findings of this study provide a reference for China to design government procurement policies,considering the effects on both domestic and foreign exporting firms simultaneously.