师德教育视域下我国中小学教师师德失范行为的归因与治理

The Attribution and Governance of Teachers'Moral Anomie in Chinese Primary and Secondary Schools from the Perspective of Teachers'Moral Education

师德教育曾经是师德失范行为防治的唯一治理模式,后来演变为师德失范行为防治的治理模式之一,但其始终是师德失范行为防治的基本或首要治理模式。受多种因素的影响,师德教育不仅没有充分发挥其应有的功能,而且往往沦为工具主义、理想主义和形式主义的“温床”。工具主义、理想主义和形式主义师德教育的思想方法和工作作风,会分别通过认知偏差机制、情绪无感机制、意志伪善机制导致教师师德失范行为的发生。基于此,为防治师德失范行为,提出建设学校伦理实体,将伦理道德决策纳入师德教育的目标与内容;倡导参与式讨论与实践,将教师共情置于师德教育方法的中心;监测并调控学校伦理道德氛围,优化监督、问责、惩处的师德管理举措等建议。

Teachers'moral education was once the only governance model for the prevention and control of teachers'moral anomie,and later evolved into one of the governance models for the preven-tion and control of teachers'moral anomie,but it has always been the basic or primary governance model for the prevention and control of teachers'moral anomie.Affected by many factors,teachers moral education not only fails to fully play its due function,but also often becomes a"hotbed"of in-strumentalism,idealism and formalism.Teachers'thinking methods and work styles lead to the occur-rence of their moral anomie through cognitive bias mechanism,emotion insensitivity mechanism,and volitional hypocrisy mechanism respectively.Therefor,in order to prevent teachers'moral anomie,it is proposed to build a school ethical entity,and incorporate ethical decision-making into the goals and content of teachers'moral education;advocate participatory discussion and practice,and put teachers"empathy at the center of teachers'moral education methods;monitor and regulate the ethical atmo-sphere in schools,and optimize teachers'ethics management measures of supervision,accountability,and punishment.