石家庄市院前出诊人员职业暴露及相关因素分析

Analysis of occupational exposure to pre-hospital visits personnel in Shijiazhuang and relevant influencing factors

目的分析石家庄市院前出诊人员的职业暴露现状及相关因素。方法统计2020年11月至2022年4月石家庄市急救中心171名院前出诊人员职业暴露登记表,包括医生、护士、司机和担架员,共计722例。结果职业暴露各因素占比分别是:社会心理学因素(38.23%),人体工程学因素(25.35%),生物学因素(18.56%),机械因素(17.87%)。其中护士发生社会心理学因素职业暴露(c2=23.776,P<0.001)、生物学因素职业暴露(c2=48.126,P<0.001),明显高于其他三类人群。不同岗位女性生物学因素暴露(c2=24.138,P<0.001),明显高于男性。结论管理者应重视院前护士职业暴露风险,同时加强防范针刺伤和血液体液暴露相关知识培训,降低院前从业风险。

Objective To analyze occupational exposure to pre-hospital visits personnel in Shijiazhuang and relevant influencing factors.Methods A total of 722 occupational exposure forms recording 171 pre-hospital visits personnel of emergency center in Shijiazhuang from November 2020 to April 2022,including doctors,nurses,drivers and stretcher bearers were analyzed.Results The top 4 factors of occupational exposure were social psychological factors(38.23%),ergonomic factors(25.35%),biological factors(18.56%),and mechanical factors(17.87%).The incidences of social psychological factors(χ2=23.776,P<0.001)and biological factors(χ2=48.126,P<0.001)in nurses was significantly higher than that of doctors,drivers and stretcher bearers.Females suffered a significantly higher occupational exposure of biological factors than that of males(χ2=24.138,P<0.001.Conclusion Managers should pay more attention to the occupational exposure risk in pre-hospital nurses.It is important to strengthen the prevention of needle-stick injury and exposure knowledge training of blood and body fluid.