从非同一的视角看社会历史中的“魔力”——阿多诺的分析及其启示

The"Magic"in Social History from the Perspective of Non-identity Adorno's Analysis and Its Implications

在阿多诺看来,魔力是世界精神的主观形式,这是在一般与个别、偶然与必然、社会与个人被不自觉地相互结合并相互转换的时候出现的。在这个魔力的控制下,一般、必然、社会被戴上了特殊、偶然和个人的假面具。命运、统计规律、市场经济中的价值规律都显示出这种魔力的作用。虽然特殊、偶然和个人被一般、必然和社会等发挥的魔力操控,但是人却往往意识不到魔力的作用。因此,这种魔力也具有意识形态的特点,它把生物规律和理性原则结合在一起。当这两者结合在一起的时候,目的和手段则颠倒过来了。虽然魔力是总体试图取得绝对统治的必然结果,这种总体的统治必然是矛盾的,但是,魔力作用下的人们可能意识不到这种矛盾。摆脱这种魔力需要人们的自觉意识和摆脱魔力的冲动,阿多诺则把实践上的冲动纳入了沉思之中。

In Adorno's view,magic is the subjective form of the world spirit.This magic occurs when the general and the particular,the necessity and the contingency,the society and the individual are unconsciously combined and transformed into each other.Under the control of this magic,the general,the necessity,and the society is put on the mask of particular,contingency and individual.Destiny,the laws of statistics,and the laws of value in the market economy all assume the role of this magic.Although the particular,contingency,and individual are manipulated by the magic exerted by the general,necessity,and society,people often fail to recognize the role of this magic.Therefore,this magic takes on ideological characteristics.It also combines biological laws with natural laws.When the two are combined,the purpose and means are reversed.Although magic is an inevitable result of the overall attempt to achieve absolute domination,this overall domination necessarily entails contradictions,and people subjected to the effects of magic may be unaware of these contradictions.Getting rid of this magic requires people's consciousness and the impulse to get rid of magic.Adorno incorporated practical impulses into contemplation from this perspective.