证据性权利:跨境刑事证据的一个阐释框架

The theory of evidentiary right:an explanatory frame for cross-border criminal evidence

随着国际刑事司法合作的深化,跨境刑事证据成为一个亟待研究的司法现象。证据获取与采纳的法律依据相互分离是跨境刑事证据的核心特征。因此,对跨境刑事证据来说,着眼于共通价值的证据性权利是一个更好的阐释框架,优于以制度差异为基础的模式对比范式。证据性权利具有联结取证程序与证据采纳、容许对规则差异实质解释、是制度性权利而非个人权利等特征。证据性权利反映了刑事证据法的趋同发展,根植于理性主义与权利主义的内在一致性,是国际刑事司法合作需要和国际人权标准构建的产物。将证据性权利作为阐释框架,可以化解跨境刑事证据审查判断中存在的法律跨境适用争议。充分保障被追诉人的证据性权利并对权利保障模式差异作出合理解释,可以提升他国提供协助的意愿。围绕跨境刑事证据及其衍生问题,理论界应当展开以“证据合作”为主题的比较研究,积极参与证据性权利话语体系构建。

As the deepening cooperation in international criminal justice,cross-border criminal evidence has become an urgent judicial phenomenon that deserves being researched.The matter of cross-border criminal evidence features the segregation of the laws governing evidence collection and admissibility.Thus,compared to the paradigm of model comparison which is based on institutional differences,the theory of evidentiary privilege which focuses on common values produces a better explanatory.Evidentiary privilege features integration of evidence collection procedures and evidence admissibility,tolerance of substantial interpretations of rules'differences,and an institutional right rather than an individual right.Evidentiary right reflects the convergence trend of criminal evidence law.Evidentiary right is rooted in the internal consistency between the rationalism and the rightism,and a product of the demand of international criminal justice cooperation and construction of international human rights standards.Taking evidentiary right theory as an explanatory framework can resolve disputes in laws under which the cross-border criminal evidence is reviewed and evaluated.Under this framework,providing full safeguards to the defendant's evidentiary rights and reasonable explanations to the differences in rights protection models can enhance other states'willingness in providing judicial assistance.Regarding the issue of cross-border criminal evidence and its derivatives,the theoretical community should promote comparative studies on criminal evidence under the theme of"cooperation",and actively participate in the establishment of the discourse system on evidentiary right.