中国儿童青少年抑郁现状及性别、城乡差异分析

Analysis of the status quo of depression among Chinese children and adolescents and its gender and urban-rural disparities

目的了解我国儿童青少年抑郁现状,从性别和城乡差异分析影响抑郁症状的因素,并为青春期抑郁症风险因素的识别和实施预防策略提供科学指导。方法基于2018年中国家庭追踪调查(China Family Panel Studies,CFPS)数据,以9~15岁儿童青少年为研究对象,运用χ^(2)检验和二元logistic回归分析影响儿童青少年抑郁的因素。结果我国儿童青少年男性抑郁症检出率为7.30%,女性为9.23%,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=2.69,P=0.10);城市人口抑郁症状检出率为8.30%,农村人口8.16%,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.01,P=0.91)。同伴关系满意度和自评健康在男生和女生中均为抑郁症状的保护性因素,父母抑郁(OR=1.92、2.11)、亲子冲突(OR=1.79、2.10)和学业压力(OR=2.95、3.41)均为风险性因素,父母受教育程度(OR=0.21)和睡眠时长(OR=0.47)与男生抑郁症检出有关,亲子沟通(OR=0.54)和家庭年收入(OR=3.10)与女生抑郁症检出有关。同伴关系满意度在城市和农村中均为保护性因素,父母抑郁(OR=2.26、1.84)、亲子冲突(OR=2.13、1.74)和学业压力(OR=3.12、3.30)均为风险性因素;父母受教育程度(OR=0.36)、睡眠时长(OR=0.49)和班主任满意度(OR=0.33)与城市抑郁检出有关,自评健康(OR=0.09)和父母冲突(OR=1.94)与农村抑郁症检出有关。结论从性别和城乡的角度出发,影响中国儿童青少年抑郁症状的因素有所不同,在抑郁防治工作中应提高针对性干预。

Objective To understand the status quo of depression among children and adolescents in China,and to analyze the factors influencing their depressive symptoms in terms of gender and urban-rural differences,so as to provide scientific guidance for the identification and control of risk factors for adolescent depression.Methods Based on data from the 2018 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),we analyzed the factors influencing depression among children and adolescents aged 9-15 years using chi-square test and binary logistic regression.Results The detection rate of depression in Chinese children and adolescents was 7.30%for boys and 9.23%for girls,with no statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=2.69,P=0.10);the detection rate of depressive symptoms was 8.30%in urban children and adolescents,with no statistically significant difference compared with 8.16%in their rural counterparts(χ^(2)=0.01,P=O.91).In boys and girls,peer relationship satisfaction and self-reported health were protective factors for depressive symptoms,while parental depression(OR=1.92,2.11),parent-child conflict(OR=1.79,2.10),and academic stress(OR=2.95,3.41)were risk factors.Parental education(OR=0.21)and sleep duration(OR=0.47)were associated with the detection of depression in boys,and parent-child communication(OR=0.54)and annual household income(OR=3.10)were associated with depression in girls.Peer relationship satisfaction was a protective factor for depression in both urban and rural areas,while parental depression(OR=2.26,1.84),parent-child conflict(OR=2.13,1.74)and academic stress(OR=3.12,3.30)were risk factors in both areas.Parental education(OR=0.36),sleep duration(OR=0.49)and headmaster satisfaction(OR=0.33)were associated with detection of depression in urban areas,and self-reported health(OR=0.09)and parental conflict(OR=1.94)were associated with depression in rural areas.Conclusions Factors affecting depressive symptoms in Chinese children and adolescents may demonstrate gender and urban-rural disparities.Prevention and treatment for depression should be more targeted in the future.