海洋核动力装备国内外发展现况与前景展望

Development Status and Prospect of Marine Nuclear Power Equipment in China and Abroad

海洋核动力装备是解决深远海资源开发中持久动力能源供给、海洋领域“碳减排”等问题的重要支撑。我国作为核电大国、海洋大国,虽然在核工业和海洋装备产业领域具有较好的优势基础,但在民用海洋核动力装备领域尚未实现“从零到一”的突破。本文基于对国内外海洋核动力装备发展实践研究,总结了海洋核动力装备的优势特性和技术策源,分析了未来海洋核动力装备发展的应用场景和主要趋势,厘清了我国发展海洋核动力装备的战略需求与问题,并提出了相关发展建议。研究认为海洋核动力装备总体呈现由军用向民用拓展、由陆地向海洋拓展的发展趋势,技术策源以紧凑型和一体化压水堆为主,装备类型近期将聚焦于海上浮动核电站和核动力破冰船。研究建议,通过顶层规划明确我国海洋核动力装备发展的重点应用场景,通过建立示范工程形成与发展需求相匹配的法规标准和监管制度等措施,突破海洋堆系统建造和核动力平台总装建造等方面的关键技术,推动海洋核动力装备高质量发展。

Marine nuclear power equipment(MNPE)is crucial for the sustainable energy supply and carbon emission reduction during deep-sea resource exploitation.However,China has not achieved breakthroughs in the field of civil MNPE,although it has a good foundation in the nuclear and marine equipment industries.Based on the research of MNPE development practices in China and abroad,this study summarizes the advantages and technical sources of MNPE,analyzes future application scenarios and development trends,clarifies the strategic demand and problems of MNPE development in China,and proposes several development suggestions.Currently,MNPE is extending from military to civil use and from land to sea,and its main technical source is compact and integrated pressurized water reactors.In the near future,the equipment types of MNPE will focus on offshore floating nuclear power plants and nuclear-powered icebreakers.To promote the high-quality development of MNPE,it is necessary to clarify the major application scenarios of MNPE in China through top-level planning,formulate regulations,specifications,and supervisory systems through demonstration projects to match with practical development demands,and achieve breakthroughs regarding key technologies such as the construction of marine reactor systems and nuclear power platform assemblies.