海底不稳定性研究进展及展望

Progress and Prospect of Seafloor Instability Research

海底不稳定性及次生海底地质灾害广泛存在于海洋之中,对海岸港口设施、海洋钻井平台、海底管道光缆等海底基础建设颇具威胁。但目前对海底不稳定性的成因机制与主控因素仍知之甚少,为加深对海底不稳定性的认识,本文回顾了海底不稳定性研究进展,梳理了海底不稳定性及次生海底地质灾害的主要类别、全球分布情况和地球物理识别特征,归纳了目前海底不稳定性研究的定量分析方法,进一步分析了其成因机制、控制因素及工程地质灾害风险,探讨了海底陆坡失稳演化过程试验模拟技术的适用范畴与技术瓶颈。最后,从海底不稳定性的致灾机理研究、多源数据智能分析和海底失稳立体监测3个维度提出了未来海底不稳定性研究的发展方向与对策建议,以期为海底不稳定性的模拟、预测和预警等工作提供指导性建议。

Seafloor instability and secondary submarine geohazards are widely present in the ocean,posing a threat to submarine infrastructures such as coastal port facilities,offshore drilling platforms,and submarine pipelines and fiber-optic cables.However,formation mechanisms and controlling factors of seafloor instability are still poorly understood.To improve the understanding,based on the history and development of seafloor instability,this study sorts out the common categories,global distribution,and geophysical characteristics,analyzes the formation mechanisms,controlling factors,and engineering geohazards risks,and summarizes popular quantitative analysis methods for seafloor instability.Subsequently,the application and limitations of experimental simulation technology for the slope instability process are discussed.Focused on the disaster mechanism,intelligent analysis of multi-source data,and three-dimensional monitoring of seabed instability,this study proposed the development direction and countermeasures of future seafloor instability research,aiming to provide guiding suggestions for the simulation,prediction,and warning of seafloor instability.