碳捕集利用与封存中的金属腐蚀问题研究:进展与挑战

Metal Corrosion in Carbon Capture,Utilization,and Storage:Progress and Challenges

深入研究碳捕集、利用与封存(CCUS)技术中的金属腐蚀问题产生的机理和影响,对有效应对和解决捕集、运输、利用与封存系统中存在的材料腐蚀失效问题至关重要,为此,本文对CCUS技术存在的金属腐蚀问题研究进展及挑战进行了综述。本文基于CCUS技术各系统腐蚀环境新颖、腐蚀行为特殊、认知程度有限、防护手段相对匮乏等情况,结合CCUS各系统中的腐蚀环境特点,分析了可能存在的金属腐蚀类型及其主要影响因素,并对其带来的挑战进行了梳理,得出了以下主要结论:对于有机胺捕集系统,吸收剂降解机理及降解产物对腐蚀过程的影响较为复杂,部分降解产物对金属腐蚀有抑制作用;密相CO_(2)输送管道的内腐蚀问题不容忽视,控制水分含量是控制该腐蚀问题的关键;CO_(2)驱油利用与封存系统井筒管材在超高CO_(2)分压、碳源杂质、高矿化度地层水、微生物和应力等多因素的长周期耦合作用下,出现腐蚀失效导致CO_(2)泄露的风险很高。最后,本文对未来需迫切开展的研究方向进行了展望,包括不同碳源杂质对各子系统的腐蚀影响研究、长期封存条件下井筒区域材料降解规律研究以及CCUS系统腐蚀防护技术研究等。

This study reviews the metal corrosion problem regarding the carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)technology and aims to deepen the understanding and research on this problem and thus deal with the severe material corrosion failures in the capture,transportation,utilization,and storage systems.Based on the novel corrosion environments,the uniqueness of corrosion behaviors,limited cognition,and relative lack of protective measures in CCUS technology systems,this study analyzes the possible types of metal corrosion and its major influencing factors,explores the challenges it brings,and draws the following conclusions.For the CO_(2) organic amine capture system,the degradation mechanism of absorbents and the impact of degradation products on the corrosion process are complex,and some degradation products have a inhibitory effect on metal corrosion.The internal corrosion issue of dense-phase CO_(2) transmission pipelines cannot be ignored,and controlling the moisture content is the key to controlling this corrosion problem.The risk of corrosion failures leading to CO_(2) leakage is high in the wellbore tubing of CO_(2) enhanced oil recovery utilization and storage systems under the long-term coupled effects of ultra-high CO_(2) partial pressure,carbon source impurities,high mineralized formation water,microorganisms,and stress.Finally,the research that needs to be conducted urgently in the future is prospected,including the corrosion impact of different carbon source impurities on each subsystem,the material degradation law in the wellbore area under long-term storage conditions,and corrosion protection technologies of CCUS systems.