正常类航空器进气条款适航符合性研究

Airworthiness compliance study of air inlet terms for normal category aircraft

正常类航空器包括正常类飞机和正常类旋翼航空器,是通用航空产业的主要机型,发动机进气系统是此类航空器的重要组成部分,其设计的优劣关系到发动机能否正常工作,在适航审定中需要重点加以关注。为了全面研究正常类航空器进气条款的适航符合性,对正常类飞机及正常类旋翼航空器的适航标准、符合性验证方法进行了分析,并结合某型农林飞机及某型直升机的适航审定案例开展了对比研究。研究结果表明:正常类飞机及正常类旋翼航空器进气条款均采用说明性文件及飞行试验来表明符合性;说明性文件需要对进气系统的设计原理和组成等进行介绍,在具体型号中,此部分内容可以单独给出,也可以包含在动力系统设计说明文件之中;飞行试验验证不必单独开展,一般可与动力装置工作特性检查结合进行;通过对比不同型号的审定案例,给出了正常类航空器进气条款的符合性验证方法与思路,可为后续同类型号的研制与适航审定工作提供参考。

Normal category aircraft,including normal category airplanes and normal category rotorcraft,are the main models in the general aviation industry.The engine inlet system is an important part of such aircraft.The quality of its design is related to the normal operation of the engine,which needs to be focused on airworthiness certification.In order to comprehensively study the airworthiness compliance of air inlet clauses for normal category aircraft,the airworthiness standards and recommended compliance verification methods for normal category airplane and normal category rotorcraft were analyzed,and a comparative study was carried out in combination with the airworthiness certification cases of a certain agricultural and forestry airplane and a certain helicopter.The research results show that both normal category airplane and normal category rotorcraft air inlet clauses use explanatory documents and flight tests to indicate compliance.Illustrative documents need to introduce the design principle and composition of the air inlet system.In specific models,this part can be given separately or included in the power system design description document.The flight test verification does not need to be carried out separately,but can be carried out in combination with the inspection of the working characteristics of the power unit.By comparing the validation cases of different models,the compliance verification methods and ideas of air inlet terms for normal category aircraft are given,which can provide reference for the subsequent development and airworthiness certification of similar models in the future.