我国精神卫生床位配置及公平性变化研究

Study on the Equity of Resource Allocation of Psychiatric Beds in China

目的了解不同阶段在“全国精神卫生工作规划”的推动下我国精神卫生床位资源的配置及其公平性变化,为我国今后精神卫生资源配置提供数据支持和循证依据。方法利用《中国卫生和计划生育统计年鉴》《中国统计年鉴》等相关资料,提取2002-2019年全国31个省(自治区、直辖市)的年末人口数、精神卫生床位数、人均GDP、行政区土地面积,分析2002-2019年我国精神卫生床位资源的配置情况,采用泰尔指数评价精神卫生床位资源按人口、地理面积和人均GDP配置的公平性。结果2002-2019年我国精神卫生床位资源总量、每万人口床位数呈上升趋势,按人口配置的公平性有所提升,按人口配置的公平性优于按地理面积、人均GDP配置的公平性,资源配置的不公平性主要来自于组内差异。结论政府需要合理配置精神卫生床位资源,缩小地区分化。同时,兼顾人口、地理和经济等因素,提高床位资源配置的公平性。另外,也需从宏观和微观两个角度协调促进东部、中部和西部地区及各省(自治区、直辖市)的精神卫生床位资源发展。

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the allocation and equality changes of psychiatric beds distribution in China,under the promotion of the National Mental Health Work Plan in different stages,aiming to provide data support and evidence-based evidences for optimizing mental health resource allocation in the future.Methods Data was collected from China's Health Statistical Yearbook,China Statistical Yearbook,and other related documents,including population size,psychiatric beds,per capita GDP and jurisdiction of 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)from 2002 to 2019.To analyze psychiatric beds distribution from 2002 to 2019,Theil index was calculated to reflect the inequalities in the distribution of psychiatric beds to population,area and economy.Results From 2002 to 2019,the total number of psychiatric beds and number of psychiatric beds per 10000 persons were increasing gradually,and the distribution equity according to population was improved.The distribution equity according to population was better than that according to area and economy.The inner-region difference accounted for most of the inequality.Conclusion The government needs to allocate the resource investment of psychiatric beds rationally and narrow the regional differentiation.At the same time,government should take into account demographic,geographical and economic factors to improve the fairness of the allocation of bed resources.In addition,it is also necessary to coordinate and promote the development of psychiatric bed resources in the eastern,central and western regions and provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)from both macro and micro perspectives.