特殊浸润性油水分离膜的研究进展

Research progress of membranes with special wettability for oil-water separation

含油废水排放对生态环境造成严重破坏,也导致资源浪费。特殊浸润性油水分离膜是先进油水分离材料的代表之一,具有优异的物理、化学性能,且分离效率高、耗能低、操作简单,成为油水分离领域的研究热点。分析影响膜材料表面浸润性的Young’s,Wenzel,Cassie-Baxter等基础理论模型,得出通过调控粗糙表面微观结构、引入低表面能的物质降低基材表面能等方法构建特殊浸润性表面,重点阐述超疏水/超亲油、超亲水/超疏油、智能响应、Janus油水分离膜的最新研究进展,总结特殊浸润性油水分离膜存在的问题,展望发展方向。

The discharge of oily wastewater causes serious damage to the ecological environment and also leads to a huge waste of resources.Special wettable oil-water separation membrane,as one of the representatives of advanced oil-water separation materials,has become a research hotspot in the field of oil-water separation because of its excellent physical and chemical properties,high separation efficiency,low energy consumption and relatively simple operation.The basic theoretical models such as Young's,Wenzel,and Cassie-Baxter that affect the surface wettability of membrane materials are analyzed,and it is concluded that special wettable surfaces can be constructed by regulating the microstructure of rough surfaces and introducing substances with low surface energy to reduce the surface energy of substrates are derived.The latest research progress of superhydrophobic/superoleophilic,superhydrophilic/superhydrophobic,intelligent response,and Janus oil-water separation membranes are highlighted,and the problems of special immersion oil-water separation membranes are summarized,and the development direction is foreseen.