电推进用于深空探测任务的工程经验总结与展望

Engineering Experience and Prospect of Applying Electric Propulsion to Deep Space Missions

深空探测任务是航天发展的前沿领域,其显著提高的速度增量需求使得电推进成为航天器主推进的重要选项。本文从深空探测任务、任务配套电推进、质量比特性、功率比特性、推进效能、自主运行等方面,对已经工程实施的9次深空探测任务进行了应用电推进的经验总结;从速度增量需求、主要工程约束、更高性能和自主运行能力等方面,对未来深空探测任务发展应用电推进的需求进行了展望。

Deep space exploration is the frontier of space development,and its significantly increased speed increment demand makes electric propulsion(EP)an important option for the main propulsion of the spacecraft.The experience of applying EP in 9 deep space missions has been summarized from the aspects of the missions,the EPs applied in missions,mass ratio characteristics,power ratio characteristics,propulsion effi⁃ciency,autonomous operation,etc.The further development and application of EP for deep space exploration are prospected from the aspects of speed increment demand,major engineering constraints,higher performance,and autonomous operation capability.