基于社区教育体系的美国普职融合贯通培养举措及其借鉴

A Study on the Integration of General and Vocational Education Based on Community in America and Its Reference

以帮助学生做好大学和生涯准备为目标,通过发挥社区教育体系功能,拓展生涯与技术教育(CTE)的宽度,是近年来美国教育的重要动向。得克萨斯州开展的生涯与技术教育实践,在建立大学和生涯准备标准的基础上,整合社区学院教育资源,建设高质量CTE贯通课程,构建以学生为中心的社区教育合力,发挥区域性教育组织作用,帮助学生更好地进行大学和生涯准备,具有一定的代表性。康利(Conley)的大学和生涯准备理论,建立了认知策略、内容知识、学习技能、过渡能力四个维度,为分析美国基于社区教育体系的普职融合贯通培养举措提供了框架。美国以社区体系为依托,促进普职融合贯通培养的做法,对我国推动职业教育高质量发展、服务构建全民终身学习教育体系具有一定的启示意义。

There is a focus on CTE Coherent Sequence based on community system with the goal of improving college and career readiness of students in the United States.The practice took by Texas to promote students'college and career readiness is representative,such as developing the Texas College and Career Readiness Standards,building coherent sequence of high-quality CTE courses with the participation of community colleges,involving all stakeholders in a student-centered community,supporting regional P-16/P-20 councils to form an integrated system of education stretching from preschool to postsecondary success.Based on Conley's college and career readiness framework,by focusing on the four keys to college and career readiness:cognitive strategies,content knowledge,learning skills,and transition knowledge,an in-depth analysis of the practices of America in improving students'college and career readiness based on the community system can be made,which can be used as a reference for China to promote high-quality development of vocational education,serve and build an education system of lifelong learning for all.