信息法益的刑法保护论要

Criminal Law Protection of Legal Interests of Information

刑法所保护的法益可以分为实体法益与非实体法益。信息法益是非实体法益中最重要的法益类型之一,在信息时代已从附属法益逐步上升为独立法益,并呈现出整体嵌入和部分置换传统法益的趋势。网络犯罪所侵害的信息法益,包括个体法益的信息权利法益和超个体法益的信息秩序法益两种类型。根据信息权利说,刑法需要保护信息主体的信息人格权和信息财产权,随着网络生活的重要性与日俱增,信息权利法益将长期处于扩张状态。根据信息秩序说,在双层社会中虚拟社会秩序正在成为新的法益保护对象,刑法应当充分吸收信息伦理学“清除已有的熵和阻止新熵的产生”的基本原则,为依法构建良好网络社会秩序、经济秩序、政治秩序提供整全性的法益保护。应通过充分发挥信息法益的多元功能,进一步优化针对网络信息犯罪的立法修订、司法适用和理论研究。

The legal interests protected by the criminal law consist of substantive legal interests and non-substantive legal interests.With the rapid development and wide application of the information technology,the legal interests of information,as the most important and complex type of non-substantive legal interests,have gradually risen from subsidiary legal interests to independent ones after endless iteration,presenting a trend of wholly embedding in the traditional legal interests and partially replacing the traditional legal interests of the criminal law.Internally,the legal interests of information consists of two different categories,i.e.,the legal interests of the information right of individual law interests,and the legal interests of the information order of superindividual law interests.In line with the theory of information rights,criminal law needs to protect the information personality right of the information subject and the information property right of the information subject.As network life is gaining importance,the legal interests of information is bound to expand continuously.In line with the theory of information order,social,economic and political exchanges among virtual social subjects are encompassed as new objects under the protection of legal interests in a“dual-layer society”.The legal system should fully absorb the basic principle of information ethics,i.e.,“elimination of existing entropy and prevention of the formation of new entropy”,in an effort to establish a favorable network social order,economic order,and political order,thereby providing an all-around and comprehensive protection of the legal interests of information,and giving full play to the various functions of the legal interests of information to guide the legislative revision,judicial application,and theoretical research of network information crime.