辽西北生态系统服务价值时空演化及其驱动力多维探测

Temporal and spatial evolution of ecosystem service value and its multidimensional detection of driving forces in the northwestern of Liaoning

生态系统服务价值(ecosystem service value,ESV)是权衡区域可持续发展的关键指标,受自然及人文环境影响,存在空间异质性.辽西北生态系统脆弱,但其区位条件对区域发展具有重要战略意义.本研究以辽西北2000年、2005年、2010年、2015年土地利用数据为基础,依托土地利用动态度模型、生态系统服务价值测算模型及地理探测器模型先后分析土地利用及生态系统服务价值时空演变特征,并探究县域生态系统服务价值空间分异的驱动机制.结果表明:①近15 a间,辽西北以旱地为主,土地利用类型结构稳定;②林地ESV为辽西北生态系统服务价值主要来源,服务功能占据主体地位.以县域为基本空间单元,各县域生态系统服务价值水平整体较稳定,其空间分布规律表现为各市区ESV处于低水平,北部县域ESV为中等水平,而中、南部县域处于较高水平;③辽西北各土地利用类型的生态系统服务价值对价值系数缺乏弹性,具有可信性.④单因子中基于夜光灯指数的城镇化率对辽西北县域生态系统服务价值空间分异的解释力最强,其与DEM的交互作用对研究区县域生态系统服务价值影响更大.87.2%的双因子交互作用对空间分异的解释力均高于单因子.

Ecosystem service value was a significant index of regional sustainable development,which was affected by natural environment and human activities.These cause ecosystem service value showing spatial heterogeneity.Northwestern Liaoning’s ecosystem was vulnerable,however,the area had an important strategic significance.Therefore,this study relied on land use transfer matrix,equivalent factor method,geographic detection model means to analyze the temporal and spatial evolution of land use types and ecosystem service value in northwestern Liaoning,and to explore the driving forces of ecosystem service value from multidimensional views.Main conclusions:①The type of land use in northwestern Liaoning was mainly dry land,and the land use type structure was stable.②The ecosystem service value of forest land were the main sources of ecosystem service value,and service functions also dominated the most if we considered through the types of ecosystem service.Taking counties as the basic spatial unit,the spatial distribution law showed that the urban areas in the district were at a lower level,the northern counties were always at a middle level and the central and southern counties were at a higher level.③Ecosystem service value sensitivity index of all cases were less than 1,this demonstrated ecosystem service value of northwestern Liaoning lacks flexibility on its service value index.④In the single factor,the urbanization rate based on the night light index had the strongest explanatory power for the spatial differentiation of ecosystem service value,and its interaction with DEM had a greater impact on the county ecosystem service value in the study area.87.2%two-factor interactions had higher levels of effect on spatial differentiation than single-factor interactions.