甲状腺激素免疫学检测方法研究进展

Research progress in immunological detection method of thyroid hormone

对于外周血中甲状腺激素(TH)的检测,临床检验科常采用的典型方法为免疫学分析,即为基于抗原、抗体的特异性反应原理的一系列检测技术。随着生物技术、标记技术以及仪器科学等领域的不断发展,该类型检测方法先后经历了放射免疫分析(RIA)、酶联免疫分析(ELISA)、化学发光免疫分析(CLIA)、时间分辨荧光分析(TRFIA)以及免疫层析(ICA)等多个阶段,并逐渐向准确、快速、安全、自动化等方向更新迭代。RIA是最为经典的检测方法,但由于自身局限性逐渐被临床淘汰。然而,现阶段在用的不同检测TH方法的敏感性及特异性均有所不同,其安全性及普适性也存在较大的差异。本文针对TH的主要免疫学检测方法研究进展进行综述,简要介绍其各自的反应原理、特点、优势及劣势,以期为目前临床检测TH方法的选择提供一定参考。

For the detection of thyroid hormone(TH)in peripheral blood,the typical method commonly used by clinical laboratory department is immunological analysis,which is a series of detection techniques based on the specific reaction principle of antigen and antibody.With the continuous development of biotechnology,labeling technology and instrument science,this type of detection method has gone through several stages,such as radioimmunoassay(RIA),enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),chemiluminescence immunoassay(CLIA),time-resolved fluorescence analysis(TRFIA)and immunochromatography(ICA),and gradually updated and iterated in the direction of accuracy,speed,safety and automation.RIA is the most classical detection method,but it is gradually eliminated due to its own limitations.However,the sensitivity and specificity of different TH detection methods in use at this stage are different,and their safety and universality are also quite different.This article reviews the research progress of the main immunological detection methods of TH,briefly introduces their respective reaction principles,characteristics,advantages and disadvantages,in order to provide some reference for the selection of the current clinical detection methods of TH.