基于GC-MS和UPLC技术的河北产北苍术野生品与栽培品的比较研究

Comparative study on wild and cultivated Beicangzhu from Hebei based on GC-MS and UPLC

目的:研究河北产野生北苍术和栽培北苍术药材化学成分的异同。方法:水蒸气蒸馏法提取北苍术野生及栽培品药材的挥发油,GC-MS技术对挥发油成分进行分析,UPLC技术对样品中苍术素含量进行测定,并利用SPSS26.0软件对所测定的6份野生及栽培北苍术样品进行聚类分析。结果:北苍术野生品和栽培品的挥发油总含量均在2%左右;3个不同产地栽培品样品挥发油共鉴定出39种成分,其中共有成分34种,相对含量总和在总挥发油中占比90%以上,含量最高的挥发性成分为β-桉叶醇、苍术素和苍术酮。3个野生样品挥发油共鉴定出39种成分,其中共有成分20种,挥发油主成分β-桉叶醇和苍术素在各样品中含量差异较大。栽培品中苍术酮含量明显高于野生样品,栽培品中均含有一定量的香樟烯,该成分在野生品中未检测到。UPLC检测6份样品中指标性成分苍术素含量均能达到药典“不得少于0.30%”的标准。结论:河北产栽培北苍术指标性成分苍术素含量均能达到药典标准,栽培品总挥发油含量与野生品差别不明显,且挥发油的化学组成较稳定,野生样品之间挥发油含量和组成差异较大,可利用苍术酮和香樟烯来区分北苍术野生品和栽培品。

Objective:To study the similarities and differences of chemical components between wild and cultivated Beicangzhu from Hebei.Method:The volatile oil of wild and cultivated Beicangzhu was extracted by steam distillation.The components of the volatile oil were analyzed by GC-MS.The contents of atractylodin in the samples were detected by UPLC,and SPSS26.0 software was used for cluster analysis on the detected six samples of wild and cultivated Beicangzhu.Result:The total contents of volatile oil of both wild and cultivated Beicangzhu were around 2%.39 components were identified in the volatile oil of three cultivated samples from different origins,of which 34 were their common components,with the total relative content accounting for more than 90%of the total volatile oil,and the volatile components with the highest content wereβ-eudesmol,atractylodin and atractylenone.A total of 39 components were identified in three wild samples,of which 20 were their common components,and the contents ofβ-eudesmol and atractylodin,the main components of volatile oil,varied greatly among the samples.The content of atractylon in cultivated samples was significantly higher than that in wild samples,and the cultivated samples all contained a certain amount of lindestrene,which was not detected in wild samples.The content of index component atractylodin in the six samples detected by UPLC all met the standard of"no less than 0.30%"in the pharmacopoeia.Conclusion:The content of index component atractylodin in cultivated Beicangzhu from Hebei can meet the pharmacopeia standard.The total volatile oil content of cultivated Beicangzhu is not significantly different from that of wild ones,and the chemical composition of volatile oil is stable.The differences of volatile oil content and composition between wild samples are large.Atractylon and lindestrene can be used to distinguish wild and cultivated Beicangzhu from Hebei.