中国近代史学发展与历史学自主知识体系建构

The Development of Modern Chinese Historiography and the Construction of Independent Knowledge System of Historiography

重新建构中国史学学科体系在中国近代史学新旧转型中占有重要位置,“整理国故”运动中试图以“中国文化史”中的各种专史作为现代学术分类中的不同学科取代“国学”,是近代历史学学科化的主要推力之一。中国近代史学学术体系则以进化史观和唯物史观为主导,以史料考证为基础,以吸纳古今中西史学理论与方法为特征。而中国史学话语体系是历史学自主知识体系的展现系统,掌握史学话语权极受近代史家重视。中国近代史学在以历史学学科体系、学术体系和话语体系为主的自主知识体系建构方面给后人留下了很多值得关注的成绩和值得借鉴的经验。

The reconstitution of the disciplinary system of Chinese history played an important role in modern Chinese historiography in the transition from the old to the new.The attempt to replace"national learning"with various special histories in"Chinese cultural history"'as different disciplines in the modern academic classification during the movement of"Rearranging the national heritage"was one of the main driving forces that led to the disciplinization of modern historiography.The academic system of modern Chinese historiography is dominated by evolutionary history and historical materialism.It was based on historical textual criticism,and characterized by the incorporation of ancient and modern Chinese and Western historical theories and methods.Chinese historiographical discourse is the presentation system of the independent knowledge system of historiography,and the mastery of the historiographical discourse was valued by moderm historians.Modern Chinese historiography has left many noteworthy achievements and experiences for future studies in the construction of the independent knowledge system based on disciplinary,academic and discourse systems of historiography.