革命与超越:“人民”概念的中国化

Revolution and Transcendence: The Sinicization of the Concept of"People"

现代国家源于人民的普遍承认,人民是现代政治的合法性基础。启蒙思想家把人民视为享有自然权利的抽象个体之聚合,是理性视域下的公共人格。马克思超越了启蒙思想家的抽象认知,从理性领域深入到社会历史中,把人视为受到经济社会关系束缚的人,阶级被视为历史发展的推动力量。马克思主义认为,作为先进生产力代表的无产阶级是历史发展的主要动力,以无产阶级为核心形成的阶级联盟就是人民。在革命进程中,人民概念在毛泽东的界定下实现了中国化。在坚持中国共产党领导核心地位与阶级联盟性质的基础上,人民概念有助于区分朋友与敌人、判定革命力量与反革命力量,解决了中国革命的力量来源、社会动员和革命道路等问题,为建立人民民主国家奠定了理论基础。在马克思主义与中国语境下,人民被视为历史发展的本体与动力,是促进社会变革的先进力量,是建立社会主义国家并迈向更高历史阶段的倚靠力量,是历史本质得以真正实现的推动力量。

cognition of enlightenment thinkers and went deep into social life from the rational field regarding class as the material force of historical development.Marxism believes that the proletariat,as the representative of the advanced productive forces,is the main driving force of historical development,and the class alliance formed with the proletariat as the core is the people.In the revolution,the concept of"people"has been sinicized under the definition of Mao Zedong.The concept of"people"helps to distinguish friends and enemies,determine revolutionary forces and counter revolutionary forces.It solves the problems of the source of power,social mobilization and revolutionary road of the Chinese revolution.In short,the people are regarded as the noumenon and driving force of historical development,an advanced force to promote social change,a reliable force to build a socialist country,and a driving force to truly realize the essence of history.